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Caterpillar Reports 2015 Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year Financial Results; Provides Outlook for 2016


News provided by

Caterpillar Inc.

28 Jan, 2016, 17:51 GMT

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PEORIA, Illinois, January 28, 2016 /PRNewswire/ --

 

                                         FOURTH QUARTER            FULL YEAR
    ($ in billions except per share
    data)                               2014       2015          2014        2015

    Sales and Revenues               $14.244     $11.030      $55.184     $47.011
    Profit (Loss) Per Share            $1.23     ($0.15)        $5.88       $3.50
    Profit Per Share                   $1.35       $0.74        $6.38       $4.64
    (excluding restructuring costs)

Caterpillar Inc. (NYSE: CAT) today announced 2015 fourth-quarter sales and revenues of $11.0 billion, down from $14.2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2014. Fourth-quarter 2015 was a loss of $0.15 per share, down from a profit of $1.23 per share in the fourth quarter of 2014. Excluding restructuring costs, profit per share was $0.74, compared with $1.35 per share in the fourth quarter of 2014.

"Cost management, restructuring actions and operational execution are helping the company while sales and revenues remain under pressure from weak commodity prices and slowing economic growth in developing countries.  We took tough but necessary restructuring actions in 2015 - and they were significant. I am proud that our team stayed focused on our customers in this difficult environment. Our balance sheet is strong; our product quality remained at high levels; we gained market position for machines for the fifth year in a row; inventory levels have declined and are well positioned as we look forward to 2016; and our safety levels are world class. We are benefiting now and expect to even more in the future when markets rebound," said Caterpillar Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Doug Oberhelman.

Full-Year 2015

This past year was a difficult one for many of the industries and customers we serve. Sales and revenues for 2015 were nearly 15 percent lower than 2014 and 29 percent off the 2012 peak. The two most significant reasons for the decline from 2014 were weakening economic growth and substantially lower commodity prices.  The impact of weak economic growth was most pronounced in developing countries, such as China and Brazil.  Lower oil prices had a substantial negative impact on the portion of Energy & Transportation that supports oil drilling and well servicing, where new order rates in 2015 were down close to 90 percent from 2014.

"We anticipated about $5 billion of the $8 billion sales and revenues decline in our January 2015 outlook as we started the year. Actual sales and revenues were about $3 billion below that $50 billion outlook because of steeper than expected declines in oil prices, a stronger U.S. dollar, weaker construction equipment sales and lower than expected mining-related sales in Resource Industries," added Oberhelman.

In 2015, we took substantial additional restructuring actions to lower our cost structure. As a result, restructuring costs of $908 million were higher than anticipated when we started the year. Additional restructuring costs were the most significant reason profit per share of $3.50 was below our January 2015 outlook of $4.60 per share. Excluding restructuring costs, 2015 profit per share was much closer to our expectations, despite about $3 billion of lower sales and revenues. For 2015, profit excluding restructuring costs was $4.64 per share, $0.11 per share lower than the $4.75 per share excluding restructuring costs expected in our outlook as we started the year last January.

Financial Position / Cash Flow / Cash Deployment

An important element of our strategy is maintaining a strong balance sheet to weather the ups and downs of the cyclical industries we serve and to support growth when business improves.  We finished 2015 with $6.5 billion of cash and a strong balance sheet with a Machinery, Energy & Transportation (ME&T) debt-to-capital ratio of 39.1 percent, well within our target range of 30 to 45 percent and only slightly higher than 37.4 percent at year-end 2014.

ME&T operating cash flow was $5.2 billion in 2015, and with modest need for capital expenditures, helped enable a 10-percent increase in the quarterly dividend and about $2 billion of share repurchases in 2015.

"Fundamentally, we stayed focused in the right areas: we delivered solid cash flow, maintained a strong balance sheet and our credit rating and increased the dividend. Maintaining our current dividend and our credit rating is important even in these tough times - it is a high priority for the company," said Oberhelman.

We have a substantial captive finance company, Caterpillar Financial Services, which serves thousands of customers around the world. Key portfolio metrics, such as past dues and credit losses, were near historic averages despite weakness in the industries we serve and are an indication of how well the finance business is managed.

"I am particularly encouraged that our Cat Financial portfolio is performing so well because it is core to our business and important for our customers. In fact, past dues were slightly lower at year-end 2015 than they were at the end of 2014," Oberhelman added.

2016 Outlook

The outlook for 2016 sales and revenues does not anticipate improvement in world economic growth or commodity prices. Sales and revenues are expected to be in a range of $40 to $44 billion - a mid-point of $42 billion.  The mid-point of the range reflects a decline of about $3.5 billion from last October's preliminary outlook for 2016 sales and revenues and a year-over-year decline of about 10 percent. The decrease from last October's preliminary outlook is largely a result of continued declines in commodity prices and economic weakness in developing countries.

The profit outlook for 2016 is $3.50 per share at the mid-point of the sales and revenues range.  To provide a better understanding of our expectations for 2016 profit, we are providing our outlook with and without anticipated restructuring costs.  Over the past few years, we have undertaken restructuring activities designed to lower our long-term cost structure.  Additional restructuring actions are anticipated in our 2016 outlook. We expect the cost of these restructuring actions in 2016 to be about $400 million or about $0.50 per share. Excluding restructuring costs, our profit outlook for 2016 is about $4.00 per share at the mid-point of the sales and revenues range.

Sales in Energy & Transportation are expected to decline about 10 to 15 percent from 2015.  Much of the decline is a result of low oil prices. During the first half of 2015, sales remained at relatively high levels for equipment used in drilling and well servicing because we started the year with a substantial order backlog. Sales declined during the second half of 2015 as orders from the backlog were shipped and new order levels were weak. That impact, along with the further decline in oil prices, are the primary reasons for the expected decline in Energy & Transportation's 2016 sales. In addition, continuing weakness in economic conditions in much of the world is expected to be negative for sales of power generation equipment, industrial engines, marine and rail.

Sales in Resource Industries are expected to be down about 15 to 20 percent from 2015 as a result of continuing reductions in mining-related commodity prices and difficult financial conditions for many mining customers around the world.

Sales in Construction Industries are expected to decline about 5 to 10 percent from 2015. In the United States, improving labor market conditions and relatively stable economic growth should continue to support the wider economy and construction. However, we expect weakness in developing countries and lower activity in oil-producing regions to persist.

Positively impacting the profit outlook is substantially lower pension and other postemployment benefit (OPEB) costs . The most significant reason for lower pension and OPEB costs is from a change in accounting principle so expense reflects the effects of economic and interest changes in the year in which the gains and losses are incurred. The impact of this change is expected to have a positive impact on 2016 profit of about $425 million. A more complete review of the change is included in Q&A 10 on page 19.  In addition, we are expecting substantial additional cost reduction in 2016, much of it from the restructuring actions taken in 2015.  The positive impacts on profit from lower costs and lower pension and OPEB expense are expected to be more than offset by the impact of lower sales and revenues.

"Our outlook reflects struggling oil and other commodity markets, and continued economic weakness in developing countries. While the U.S. and European economies are showing signs of stability, the global economy remains under pressure. While we manage through these difficult economic times with substantial restructuring actions to lower costs, we are also preparing for the long term.  We are continuing substantial investments in R&D and our digital capabilities. These investments will be positive for Caterpillar and our customers through connected fleets and jobsites and access to data and predictive analytics. Investing in the future is important to improving productivity and the bottom line - for Caterpillar and our customers over the long term.  While it is tough to predict when an economic recovery will happen, the investments we are making and the actions we are taking to lower our cost structure and improve quality and our market position will help deliver better results when a recovery comes," said Oberhelman.

Notes:

  • Glossary of terms is included on pages 21-22; first occurrence of terms shown in bold italics.
  • Information on non-GAAP financial measures is included on page 23.
  • Caterpillar will conduct a teleconference and live webcast, with a slide presentation, beginning at 10 a.m. Central Time on Thursday, January 28, 2016, to discuss its 2015 fourth-quarter and full-year financial results.  The slides accompanying the webcast will be available before the webcast on the Caterpillar website at caterpillar.com/investors/events-and-presentations.

About Caterpillar:

For 90 years, Caterpillar Inc. has been making sustainable progress possible and driving positive change on every continent. Customers turn to Caterpillar to help them develop infrastructure, energy and natural resource assets. With 2015 sales and revenues of $47.011 billion, Caterpillar is the world's leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives.  The company principally operates through its three product segments - Construction Industries, Resource Industries and Energy & Transportation - and also provides financing and related services through its Financial Products segment. For more information, visit caterpillar.com. To connect with us on social media, visit caterpillar.com/social-media.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Release relate to future events and expectations and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Words such as "believe," "estimate," "will be," "will," "would," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "project," "intend," "could," "should" or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements.  All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding our outlook, projections, forecasts or trend descriptions.  These statements do not guarantee future performance, and we do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.

Caterpillar's actual results may differ materially from those described or implied in our forward-looking statements based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) global and regional economic conditions and economic conditions in the industries we serve; (ii) government monetary or fiscal policies and infrastructure spending; (iii) commodity price changes, component price increases, fluctuations in demand for our products or significant shortages of component products; (iv) disruptions or volatility in global financial markets limiting our sources of liquidity or the liquidity of our customers, dealers and suppliers; (v) political and economic risks, commercial instability and events beyond our control in the countries in which we operate; (vi) failure to maintain our credit ratings and potential resulting increases to our cost of borrowing and adverse effects on our cost of funds, liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets; (vii) our Financial Products segment's risks associated with the financial services industry; (viii) changes in interest rates or market liquidity conditions; (ix) an increase in delinquencies, repossessions or net losses of Cat Financial's customers; (x) new regulations or changes in financial services regulations; (xi) a failure to realize, or a delay in realizing, all of the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions, joint ventures or divestitures; (xii) international trade policies and their impact on demand for our products and our competitive position; (xiii) our ability to develop, produce and market quality products that meet our customers' needs; (xiv) the impact of the highly competitive environment in which we operate on our sales and pricing; (xv) failure to realize all of the anticipated benefits from initiatives to increase our productivity, efficiency and cash flow and to reduce costs; (xvi) additional restructuring costs or a failure to realize anticipated savings or benefits from past or future cost reduction actions; (xvii) inventory management decisions and sourcing practices of our dealers and our OEM customers; (xviii) compliance with environmental laws and regulations; (xix) alleged or actual violations of trade or anti-corruption laws and regulations; (xx) additional tax expense or exposure; (xxi) currency fluctuations; (xxii) our or Cat Financial's compliance with financial covenants; (xxiii) increased pension plan funding obligations; (xxiv) union disputes or other employee relations issues; (xxv) significant legal proceedings, claims, lawsuits or government investigations; (xxvi) changes in accounting standards; (xxvii) failure or breach of IT security; (xxviii) adverse effects of unexpected events including natural disasters; and (xxix) other factors described in more detail under "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2015 for the year ended December 31, 2014.

    Key Points

    Fourth Quarter 2015
    (Dollars in millions
    except per share data)
                                Fourth        Fourth
                               Quarter       Quarter
                                  2015          2014          $ Change          % Change
    Machinery, Energy
    & Transportation
    Sales                    $ 10,318        $ 13,500          $ (3,182)          (24)  %
    Financial
    Products
    Revenues                     712              744               (32)           (4)  %
    Total
    Sales and
    Revenues                $ 11,030         $ 14,244           $ (3,214)         (23)  %
    Profit
    (Loss)                    $ (87)            $ 757             $ (844)        (111)  %
    Profit
    (Loss)
    per common
    share -
    diluted                  $ (0.15)          $ 1.23            $ (1.38)        (112)  %
    Profit per
    common share -
    diluted (excluding
    restructuring
    costs)                    $ 0.74           $ 1.35            $ (0.61)         (45)  %

    Full Year 2015
    (Dollars in millions
    except per share data)
                              Full Year         Full Year
                                   2015             2014         $ Change        % Change
    Machinery, Energy
    & Transportation
    Sales                       $ 44,147        $ 52,142         $ (7,995)      (15)     %
    Financial
    Products
    Revenues                       2,864           3,042             (178)       (6)     %
    Total
    Sales and
    Revenues                    $ 47,011         $ 55,184        $ (8,173)      (15)     %
    Profit                       $ 2,102          $ 3,695        $ (1,593)      (43)     %
    Profit
    per common
    share -
    diluted                       $ 3.50          $  5.88         $ (2.38)       (40)    %
    Profit per
    common share -
    diluted (excluding
    restructuring
    costs)                        $ 4.64           $ 6.38         $ (1.74)      (27)     %

Fourth-Quarter 2015 Highlights

  • Fourth-quarter sales and revenues were $11.030 billion, down 23 percent from the fourth quarter of 2014.
  • Restructuring costs were $682 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, with an after-tax impact of $0.89 per share.
  • In the fourth quarter of 2015, there was a loss of $0.15 per share; excluding restructuring costs, there was a profit of $0.74 per share. Profit in the fourth quarter of 2014 was $1.23 per share, or $1.35 per share excluding restructuring costs.

Full-Year 2015 Highlights

  • 2015 sales and revenues were $47.011 billion, down 15 percent from 2014. Sales declined in all regions and in all segments.
  • Restructuring costs were $908 million in 2015 with an after-tax impact of $1.14 per share.
  • Profit per share was $3.50 in 2015, or $4.64 per share excluding restructuring costs. Profit in 2014 was $5.88 per share, or $6.38 per share excluding restructuring costs.

Cash Flow/Financial Position

  • Inventory declined about $1.45 billion during the fourth quarter of 2015. For the full year, inventory decreased about $2.5 billion.
  • ME&T operating cash flow for 2015 was about $5.2 billion.
  • ME&T debt-to-capital ratio was 39.1 percent at the end of 2015, compared with 37.4 percent at the end of 2014. We ended the year with about $6.5 billion of enterprise cash.
  • During the year, we repurchased about $2 billion of Caterpillar stock and increased the quarterly dividend by 10 percent.

2016 Outlook

  • The company expects 2016 sales and revenues to be about $40 to $44 billion - a mid-point of $42 billion.
  • With sales and revenues at $42 billion, the profit outlook is about $3.50 per share, or $4.00 per share excluding restructuring costs.
  • The outlook includes a reduction in pension and OPEB costs as a result of accounting changes. (See Q&A 10 on page 19 for more information.)
  • The company expects restructuring costs of about $400 million in 2016.
  • We expect ME&T capital expenditures in 2016 to be lower than 2015.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Consolidated Sales and Revenues

Consolidated Sales and Revenues Comparison

Fourth Quarter 2015 vs. Fourth Quarter 2014

To access this chart, go to http://www.caterpillar.com/en/investors/quarterly-results.html for the downloadable version of Caterpillar 4Q 2015 earnings.

The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Sales and Revenues between the fourth quarter of 2014 (at left) and the fourth quarter of 2015 (at right).  Items favorably impacting sales and revenues appear as upward stair steps with the corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting sales and revenues appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar.  Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company's Board of Directors and employees.

Sales and Revenues

Total sales and revenues were $11.030 billion in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared with $14.244 billion in the fourth quarter of 2014, a decline of $3.214 billion, or 23 percent.  The decrease was primarily due to lower sales volume and the unfavorable impact of currency due to continued strengthening of the U.S. dollar against most currencies, with about half of the impact from the euro.  The two most significant reasons for the decline in sales in 2015 were weakening economic growth primarily in developing countries and substantially lower commodity prices, most notably oil.  While sales for both new equipment and aftermarket parts declined in all segments, most of the decrease was for new equipment.

Sales declined in all regions.  In North America, sales decreased 26 percent due to lower end-user demand, primarily in Energy & Transportation, and unfavorable changes in dealer inventories, mostly in Construction Industries.  In EAME, sales declined 20 percent, mostly due to lower end-user demand for products used in Energy & Transportation applications and the unfavorable impact of currency, as sales in euros translated into fewer U.S. dollars.  Sales decreased 36 percent in Latin America, primarily due to widespread economic weakness across the region, which had a negative impact on construction and mining activity and demand for products used in oil and gas applications.  The most significant decrease was in Brazil.  Asia/Pacific sales declined 16 percent, primarily due to lower end-user demand for Energy & Transportation applications and products used in mining.  In addition, the impact of currency was unfavorable as sales, mostly in Australian dollars and Japanese yen, translated into fewer U.S. dollars.  These unfavorable items were partially offset by favorable changes in dealer inventories as dealers reduced inventories more significantly in the fourth quarter of 2014 compared to the fourth quarter of 2015.

Sales decreased in all segments.  Energy & Transportation's sales declined 29 percent as sales decreased due to lower end-user demand and the unfavorable impact of currency.  Construction Industries' sales decreased 18 percent, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of changes in dealer inventories as dealers decreased inventories more significantly in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to the fourth quarter of 2014.  Additionally, dealer deliveries to end users, the impact of currency and price realization were unfavorable.  Resource Industries' sales declined 23 percent, mostly due to continued low end-user demand.  Financial Products' segment revenues were down 8 percent, primarily due to lower average earning assets and lower average financing rates.

Consolidated Operating Profit

Consolidated Operating Profit (Loss) Comparison

Fourth Quarter 2015 vs. Fourth Quarter 2014

To access this chart, go to http://www.caterpillar.com/en/investors/quarterly-results.html for the downloadable version of Caterpillar 4Q 2015 earnings.

The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Operating Profit (Loss) between the fourth quarter of 2014 (at left) and the fourth quarter of 2015 (at right).  Items favorably impacting operating profit appear as upward stair steps with the corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting operating profit appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar.  Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company's Board of Directors and employees.  The bar entitled Other includes consolidating adjustments and Machinery, Energy & Transportation other operating (income) expenses.

Operating loss for the fourth quarter of 2015 was $114 million, compared with operating profit of $1.063 billion in the fourth quarter of 2014.  The decrease of $1.177 billion was primarily due to lower sales volume reflecting weak market conditions in most of the industries we serve, higher restructuring costs and unfavorable price realization.  These items were partially offset by favorable manufacturing costs and lower SG&A and R&D expenses.

The unfavorable price realization resulted from competitive market conditions and an unfavorable geographic mix of sales.

Manufacturing costs were favorable due to lower incentive compensation expense, lower spending due to cost reduction efforts and improved material costs partially offset by the unfavorable impact of cost absorption as inventory decreased more significantly in the fourth quarter of 2015 than in the fourth quarter of 2014.

SG&A and R&D expenses were favorable due to lower incentive compensation expense and lower spending due to cost reduction efforts.

Although the strong U.S. dollar had a negative impact to our sales, our sizable manufacturing presence outside of the United States resulted in a favorable impact to costs and operating profit.

Restructuring costs of $682 million in the fourth quarter of 2015 were primarily related to a reduction in workforce.  In the fourth quarter of 2014, restructuring costs were $97 million.

Other Profit/Loss Items 

Other income/expense in the fourth quarter of 2015 was income of $30 million, compared with income of $3 million in the fourth quarter of 2014.  The favorable change of $27 million was primarily due to gains on the sale of securities in the fourth quarter of 2015.  The net impact from currency translation and hedging gains and losses was about flat.

The provision for income taxes for the fourth quarter of 2015 reflects an effective tax rate of 24.5 percent, compared with 28 percent for the fourth quarter of 2014 excluding the items discussed below.  The decrease is primarily due to a more favorable geographic mix of profits from a tax perspective in 2015, including the impact of restructuring costs primarily at higher U.S. tax rates.

The provision for income taxes for the fourth quarter of 2015 also includes a benefit of $77 million related to the decrease from the third-quarter estimated annual tax rate of 27 percent, primarily due to the renewal in the fourth quarter of the U.S. research and development tax credit.  The provision for income taxes for the fourth quarter of 2014 also included benefits of $85 million related to a decrease from the third-quarter estimated annual effective tax rate and the release of a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of a non-U.S. subsidiary.

Global Workforce

Caterpillar worldwide, full-time employment was about 105,700 at the end of 2015, compared with about 114,200 at the end of 2014, a decrease of about 8,500 full-time employees.  The flexible workforce decreased by about 3,500 for a total decrease in the global workforce of about 12,000.  The decrease was primarily the result of restructuring programs and lower production volumes.  Full-time employment at the end of 2015 includes approximately 2,100 employees who participated in the U.S. voluntary retirement enhancement program and left the company effective January 1, 2016.

                                          December 31
                                                                      Increase /
                                    2015              2014            (Decrease)

    Full-time employment           105,700           114,200             (8,500)
    Flexible workforce              13,000            16,500             (3,500)
    Total                          118,700           130,700            (12,000)

    Geographic summary of change
    U.S. workforce                                                       (5,600)
    Non-U.S. workforce                                                   (6,400)
    Total                                                               (12,000)

SEGMENT RESULTS 


    Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region

    (Millions of            %     North      %    Latin    %            %     Asia/   %
     dollars)       Total Change  America Change America Change   EAME  Change Pacific Change
    Fourth
    Quarter 2015
    Construction
    Industries(1) $3,640 (18) % $1,664 (17) %   $280   (49) %   $913   (2) %  $783   (17) %
    Resource
    Industries(2)
    uared         1,836  (23) %    586 (31) %    274   (32) %    449  (21) %   527    (7) %
    Energy &
    Transportation
    (3)           4,419  (29) %  1,852 (32) %    408   (25) %  1,406  (29) %   753   (20) %
    All Other
    Segments(4)     468  (12) %    338  (5) %     28   (54) %     64  (17) %    38    (3) %
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations    (45)           (47)            -               1             1
    Machinery,
    Energy &
    Transport-
    ation       $10,318  (24) % $4,393 (26) %   $990   (36) %  $2,833 (20) % $2,102  (16) %
    Financial
    Products
    Segment        $746   (8) %   $452    - %    $97   (13) %     $97 (16) %   $100  (25) %
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations    (34)            (6)          (13)              (5)          (10)
    Financial
    Products
    Revenues       $712   (4) %   $446    8 %    $84   (15) %     $92 (16) %    $90  (26) %
    Consolidated
    Sales and
    Revenues    $11,030  (23) % $4,839  (23)% $1,074   (35)%   $2,925 (20) % $2,192  (16) %

    Fourth
    Quarter 2014
    Construction
    Industries
    (1)          $4,420         $1,996          $549             $934          $941
    Resource
    Industries
    (2)           2,385            850           401              566           568
    Energy &
    Transportation
    (3)           6,191          2,730           541            1,980           940
    All Other
    Segments(4)     531            354            61               77            39
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations    (27)           (26)            -               (3)            2
    Machinery,
    Energy &
    Transport-
    ation       $13,500         $5,904        $1,552           $3,554        $2,490
    Financial
    Products
    Segment        $811           $451          $112             $115          $133
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations    (67)           (37)          (13)              (6)          (11)
    Financial
    Products
    Revenues       $744           $414            $99              $109         $122

    Consolidated
    Sales and
    Revenues    $14,244         $6,318        $1,651            $3,663       $2,612

    1  Does not include inter-segment sales of $63 million and $52 million in
       fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.
    2  Does not include inter-segment sales of $85 million and $113 million in
       fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.
    3  Does not include inter-segment sales of $382 million and $542 million in
       fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.
    4  Does not include inter-segment sales of $729 million and $843 million in
       fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.


    Sales and Revenues by Segment

                  Fourth                                      Fourth    $          %
    (Millions of Quarter  Sales  Price                       Quarter
    dollars)        2014  Volume Realization Currency Other     2015   Change   Change
    Construction
    Industries    $4,420  $(522)  $(110)    $(148)     $ -    $3,640   $(780)   (18) %
    Resource
    Industries     2,385   (474)    (20)      (55)       -     1,836    (549)   (23) %
    Energy &
    Transportati
    on             6,191 (1,600)     (3)     (169)       -     4,419  (1,772)   (29) %
    All Other
    Segments         531    (60)      9       (12)       -       468     (63)   (12) %
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations     (27)   (16)      -        (2)       -       (45)    (18)
    Machinery,
    Energy &
    Transportati
    on           $13,500 $(2,672)  $(124)   $(386)      $ -  $10,318   $(3,182)   (24) %
    Financial
    Products
    Segment          811       -       -        -       (65)     746       (65)    (8) %
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations    (67)       -       -        -        33      (34)       33
    Financial
    Products
    Revenues        $744      $-      $-       $-      $(32)     $712     $ (32)    (4) %

    Consolidated
    Sales and
    Revenues     $ 14,244 $(2,672)  $(124)   $(386)    $(32)   $11,030  $(3,214)   (23) %


    Operating Profit (Loss) by Segment

                     Fourth            Fourth               $                   %
    (Millions of    Quarter           Quarter
    dollars)          2015              2014              Change              Change
    Construction
    Industries       $ 220             $ 362            $ (142)              (39) %
    Resource
    Industries        (105)               25              (130)             (520) %
    Energy &
    Transportation     712             1,123              (411)              (37) %
    All Other
    Segments           141               164               (23)              (14) %
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations    (1,195)             (753)             (442)
    Machinery,
    Energy &
     Transportation  $ (227)            $ 921          $ (1,148)            (125) %

    Financial
    Products
    Segment            191               197                (6)               (3) %
    Corporate
    Items and
    Eliminations       (15)               12               (27)
    Financial
    Products         $ 176             $ 209             $ (33)              (16) %
    Consolidating
    Adjustments        (63)              (67)                4

    Consolidated
    Operating
    Profit (Loss)   $ (114)          $ 1,063          $ (1,177)             (111) %

    CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

    (Millions of
    dollars)
    Sales Comparison
                 Fourth             Price                 Fourth
                 Quarter   Sales    Realiz                Quarter     $           %
                  2014     Volume   ation    Currency      2015     Change     Change

    Sales
    Comparison1   $4,420   ($522)   ($110)     ($148)      $3,640   ($780)   (18) %

    Sales by Geographic
    Region

                 Fourth    Fourth
                 Quarter   Quarte     $           %
                  2015     r 2014   Change      Change
    North
    America       $1,664   $1,996   ($332)       (17) %
    Latin
    America          280      549    (269)       (49) %
    EAME             913      934     (21)        (2) %
    Asia/Pacific     783      941    (158)       (17) %
    Total1        $3,640   $4,420   ($780)       (18) %

    Operating
    Profit

                 Fourth    Fourth
                 Quarter   Quarte     $           %
                  2015     r 2014   Change      Change
    Operating
    Profit          $220     $362   ($142)       (39) %

    1 Does not include inter-segment sales of $63 million and $52 million
    in fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Construction Industries' sales were $3.640 billion in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $780 million, or 18 percent, from the fourth quarter of 2014.  The decrease in sales was mostly due to lower volume and the unfavorable impact of currency.  While sales declined for both new equipment and aftermarket parts, most of the decrease was for new equipment.

  • Sales volume declined primarily due to the unfavorable impact of changes in dealer inventories as dealers decreased inventories more significantly in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to the fourth quarter of 2014. In addition, deliveries to end users decreased.
  • The unfavorable impact of currency was largely due to the euro, Japanese yen and Brazilian real.

Sales decreased in North America, Latin America and Asia/Pacific, while sales in EAME were about flat.

  • In North America, sales declined mostly due to dealers substantially reducing inventories in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared to maintaining inventory levels in the fourth quarter of 2014.  Although residential and nonresidential construction activity is improving, sales to end users were lower than the fourth quarter of 2014.  We believe declines in construction activity related to oil and gas has resulted in availability of existing construction equipment for other purposes.
  • In Latin America, dealer deliveries were down across the region, with the most significant decline in Brazil due to continued weak construction activity resulting from depressed economic conditions.  In addition, sales declined due to the unfavorable impact of changes in dealer inventories as dealers lowered inventories in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared to relatively flat inventories in the fourth quarter of 2014.
  • In Asia/Pacific, the sales decline was primarily due to lower sales in China and India and the unfavorable impact of currency.  The most significant decline was in China, a result of continued weak residential and nonresidential construction activity.  The unfavorable impact of currency was primarily due to the weaker Japanese yen and Australian dollar.
  • Sales in EAME were about flat as lower end-user demand and the unfavorable impact of currency were about offset by the favorable impact of changes in dealer inventories.  Dealers lowered inventories more in the fourth quarter of 2014 than in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Construction Industries' profit was $220 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared with $362 million in the fourth quarter of 2014.  The decrease in profit was primarily due to lower sales volume, unfavorable price realization resulting from competitive market conditions and an unfavorable geographic mix of sales, and an unfavorable impact from litigation.  The decline was partially offset by favorable manufacturing costs and lower SG&A and R&D expenses.  The reduction in manufacturing costs and SG&A and R&D expenses was primarily due to lower incentive compensation expense and cost reduction efforts.

    RESOURCE INDUSTRIES

    (Millions of
    dollars)
    Sales Comparison
                 Fourth             Price                   Fourth
                 Quarter   Sales    Realiz                  Quarter     $         %
                 2014      Volume   ation    Currency       2015   Change    Change

    Sales
    Comparison1  $2,385   ($474)    ($20)      ($55)       $1,836   ($549)   (23) %

    Sales by
    Geographic Region

                 Fourth    Fourth
                 Quarter   Quarter     $            %
                 2015      2014   Change       Change
    North
    America        $586     $850   ($264)       (31) %
    Latin
    America         274      401    (127)       (32) %
    EAME            449      566    (117)       (21) %
    Asia/Pacific    527      568     (41)        (7) %
    Total(1)     $1,836   $2,385   ($549)       (23) %

    Operating Profit
    (Loss)

                 Fourth   Fourth
                 Quarter  Quarter     $         %
                 2015     2014   Change    Change
    Operating
    Profit
    (Loss)       ($105)      $25   ($130)      (520) %

    1. Does not include inter-segment sales of $85 million and $113
    million in fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Resource Industries' sales were $1.836 billion in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $549 million, or 23 percent, from the fourth quarter of 2014.  The decline was primarily due to lower sales volume.  Sales were lower for both new equipment and aftermarket parts.  We believe mining companies are continuing to curtail maintenance and rebuild activities.

The sales decrease was primarily due to lower end-user demand across all regions.  This was partially offset by the favorable impact of changes in dealer inventories, primarily in Asia/Pacific, as dealer inventories were about flat in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared to a decline in the fourth quarter of 2014.

Commodity prices remained weak and mining customers continued to focus on improving productivity in existing mines and reducing their total capital expenditures, as they have for several years.  As a result, sales and new orders in Resource Industries continue to be weak.

Resource Industries incurred a loss of $105 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared with profit of $25 million in the fourth quarter of 2014.  The unfavorable change was primarily the result of lower sales volume partially offset by improved manufacturing costs.

Manufacturing costs were favorable due to lower period costs resulting from cost reduction efforts and improved material costs.

SG&A and R&D expenses were about flat, as higher spending for new product introductions was about offset by lower SG&A expenses.

    ENERGY & TRANSPORTATION

    (Millions of
    dollars)
    Sales Comparison
                  Fourth             Price                   Fourth
                  Quarter   Sales    Realiz                  Quarter     $          %
                  2014      Volume   ation    Currency       2015      Change     Change

    Sales
    Comparison(1) $6,191   ($1,600)    ($3)     ($169)       $4,419    ($1,772)   (29) %

    Sales by
    Geographic Region

                 Fourth   Fourth
                 Quarter  Quarter     $            %
                 2015     2014     Change       Change
    North
    America      $1,852   $2,730   ($878)       (32) %
    Latin
    America         408      541    (133)       (25) %
    EAME          1,406    1,980    (574)       (29) %
    Asia/Pacific    753      940    (187)       (20) %

    Total(1)       $4,419   $6,191 ($1,772)     (29) %

    Operating
    Profit

                 Fourth   Fourth
                 Quarter  Quarter     $            %
                 2015     2014     Change       Change
    Operating
    Profit         $712   $1,123   ($411)       (37) %

    1. Does not include inter-segment sales of $382 million and $542
    million in fourth quarter 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Energy & Transportation's sales were $4.419 billion in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $1.772 billion, or 29 percent, from the fourth quarter of 2014. The decrease was primarily the result of lower sales volume and the unfavorable impact of currency, mostly from the euro. Sales decreased in all applications.

  • Oil and Gas - Sales continued to decrease in much of the world due to substantially lower oil prices. The decline was most pronounced in equipment used for well servicing and drilling applications, with the most significant impact in North America, our largest market for well servicing. Demand for reciprocating engines used in gas compression was also down.
  • Power Generation - Sales decreased in EAME and North America and were about flat in Latin America and Asia/Pacific. In EAME, sales decreased primarily due to the absence of a large project in the fourth quarter of 2014. In North America, sales declined primarily due to the absence of several large projects and unfavorable changes in dealer inventories as dealers decreased inventories in the fourth quarter of 2015 and increased inventories in the fourth quarter of 2014.
  • Transportation - Sales decreased in North America and were about flat in all other geographic regions. In North America, sales weakened primarily due to the absence of a Tier IV locomotive offering.
  • Industrial - Sales were lower in all regions. Lower sales in EAME were mostly the result of lower demand and the unfavorable impact of currency. In Asia/Pacific, North America and Latin America, the decline in sales was primarily due to lower end-user demand for most industrial applications primarily due to weak economic conditions.

Energy & Transportation's profit was $712 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared with $1.123 billion in the fourth quarter of 2014.  The decrease was due to lower sales volume partially offset by lower costs, primarily incentive compensation expense, and favorable product mix due to the absence of the sale of a large power generation project in EAME that was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2014.

    FINANCIAL PRODUCTS SEGMENT

    (Millions of
    dollars)
    Revenues by Geographic Region

                  Fourth          Fourth
                 Quarter         Quarter              $                 %
                    2015            2014           Change            Change
    North
    America         $452            $451              $1               - %
    Latin
    America           97             112             (15)            (13) %
    EAME              97             115             (18)            (16) %
    Asia/Pacific     100             133             (33)            (25) %
    Total           $746            $811            ($65)             (8) %

    Operating
    Profit

                  Fourth          Fourth
                 Quarter         Quarter              $                 %
                    2015            2014           Change            Change
    Operating
    Profit          $191            $197             ($6)            (3) %

Financial Products' revenues were $746 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, a decrease of $65 million, or 8 percent, from the fourth quarter of 2014. The decline was primarily due to lower average earning assets and lower average financing rates.  Average earning assets were down in Asia/Pacific, Latin America and EAME, partially offset by higher average earning assets in North America.  Average financing rates were down in North America, EAME and Asia/Pacific, partially offset by higher rates in Latin America.

Financial Products' profit was $191 million in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared with $197 million in the fourth quarter of 2014. The decrease was primarily due to a $17 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets, a $10 million decrease in net yield on average earning assets reflecting changes in the geographic mix of margin and currency impacts and a $10 million unfavorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment.  These decreases were partially offset by a $24 million increase in gains on sales of securities at Caterpillar Financial Insurance Services and a $12 million decrease in SG&A expenses due to lower incentive compensation expense.

At the end of 2015, past dues at Cat Financial were 2.14 percent, compared with 2.17 percent at the end of 2014.  Write-offs, net of recoveries, were $155 million for the full-year 2015, compared with $104 million for the full-year 2014.  The increase in write-offs, net of recoveries, was primarily driven by the mining and marine portfolios.

As of December 31, 2015, Cat Financial's allowance for credit losses totaled $338 million, or 1.22 percent of net finance receivables, compared with $401 million, or 1.36 percent of net finance receivables, at year-end 2014.

Corporate Items and Eliminations

Expense for corporate items and eliminations was $1.210 billion in the fourth quarter of 2015, an increase of $469 million from the fourth quarter of 2014.  Corporate items and eliminations include: corporate-level expenses; restructuring costs; timing differences, as some expenses are reported in segment profit on a cash basis; retirement benefit costs other than service cost; currency differences for ME&T, as segment profit is reported using annual fixed exchange rates; and inter-segment eliminations.

The increase in expense from the fourth quarter of 2014 was primarily due to a $585 million increase in restructuring costs partially offset by timing differences.

2016 OUTLOOK

From an economic perspective, the company does not anticipate significant improvement in the world economy.  We are expecting world GDP growth in 2016 to be similar to 2015 at about 2.5 percent.  While economic growth is expected to continue to be weak, but stable, there are certainly risks.  Political conflicts and social unrest continue to disrupt economic activity in parts of the world, particularly the Middle East.  The Chinese government's push for structural reform has slowed growth and increased volatility, and U.S. monetary policy could temper business confidence.  In addition, commodity prices, oil in particular, have declined substantially.  Further declines in commodity prices could negatively impact 2016 financial results.

Sales and revenues in 2016 are expected to be in a range of $40 to $44 billion - a mid-point of $42 billion.

                                  At the mid-point of the sales and revenues range
                                                Restructuring           Outlook Excluding
                          2016 Outlook              Costs              Restructuring Costs
    Profit per share
    excluding change in
    accounting principle         $3.00                  $0.50                        $3.50

    Change in accounting
    principle related to
    pension and OPEB
    costs*                       $0.50                                               $0.50

    Profit per share             $3.50                  $0.50                        $4.00

    *See Q&A 10 for more information on this change and a change in accounting
    estimate for pension and OPEB costs.

Sales and Revenues

The outlook for 2016 sales and revenues does not anticipate improvement in world economic growth or commodity prices.  It is based on the continuation of substantial weakness in many of the key industries the company serves.  Sales and revenues are expected to be in a range of $40 to $44 billion - a mid-point of $42 billion.  The mid-point reflects a year-over-year decline of about 10 percent.

In October 2015, the company provided a preliminary outlook for 2016 that expected sales and revenues to be about 5 percent below the $48 billion outlook for 2015 - about $45.5 billion for 2016.  The mid-point of today's outlook reflects a decline of about $3.5 billion from last October's preliminary outlook for 2016 sales and revenues.  That decline is largely a result of continued declines in commodity prices and sustained economic weakness in developing countries.

Sales in Energy & Transportation are expected to decline about 10 to 15 percent from 2015.  Much of the decline is a result of low oil prices.  During the first half of 2015, sales remained at relatively high levels for equipment used in drilling and well servicing because we started the year with a substantial order backlog.  Sales declined during the second half of 2015 as orders from the backlog were shipped and new order levels were weak.  That impact, along with the further decline in oil prices, are the primary reasons for the expected decline in Energy & Transportation's 2016 sales.  In addition, continuing weakness in economic conditions in much of the world is expected to be negative for sales of power generation equipment, industrial engines, marine and rail.

Sales in Resource Industries are expected to be down about 15 to 20 percent from 2015 as a result of continuing reductions in mining-related commodity prices and difficult financial conditions for many mining customers around the world.

Sales in Construction Industries are expected to decline about 5 to 10 percent from 2015.  In the United States, improving labor market conditions and relatively stable economic growth should continue to support the wider economy and construction.  However, we expect weakness in developing countries and lower activity in oil-producing regions to persist.

Profit Outlook

The profit outlook for 2016 is $3.50 per share at the mid-point of the sales and revenues range.  To provide a better understanding of our expectations for 2016 profit, we are providing our outlook with and without anticipated restructuring costs.  Over the past few years, we have undertaken restructuring activities designed to lower our long-term cost structure.  Additional restructuring actions are anticipated in our outlook for 2016.  In total, we expect the cost of these restructuring actions in 2016 to be about $400 million or about $0.50 per share.  Excluding restructuring costs, our profit outlook for 2016 is about $4.00 per share at the mid-point of the sales and revenues range.

The profit outlook excluding restructuring costs includes several substantial positive and negative factors outlined below:

Positive Factors

  • Lower period costs (includes period manufacturing, SG&A and R&D - about $900 million) - The expected improvement in period costs is largely a result of substantial restructuring actions implemented near the end of 2015 and continuing in 2016. About $180 million or about $0.20 per share of the expected improvement is a result of a change in accounting estimate from weighted average discount rates to spot rates for pension and OPEB service and interest costs. (See Q&A 10 on page 19 for more information.)
  • Change in accounting principle for pension and OPEB costs (about $425 million) ­- In 2016, we will recognize actuarial gains and losses for pension and OPEB plans in the period in which they occur and recognize expected returns based on the fair value of plan assets. (See Q&A 10 on page 19 for more information.)
  • Variable costs (about $350 million) ­- Material costs, cost absorption and variable labor and burden costs are expected to be favorable in 2016 as a result of lower commodity prices and supplier collaboration, a smaller inventory decline than 2015 and continued implementation of Lean.

Negative Factors

  • Sales volume ($2.1 billion at mid-point of outlook range) - By far the most significant negative impact on profit is expected to be from lower sales volume, including a substantial impact due to an unfavorable sales mix, as the decline in sales is expected to be relatively more concentrated in products with higher than average margin rates.
  • Price realization (about $200 million) - While price realization was relatively neutral from 2014 to 2015, it was positive in the first half of 2015 and negative over the second half of 2015. We expect that negative trend to continue in 2016. We are experiencing pricing pressure from the competitive nature of the businesses we are in and from the impact of a stronger U.S. dollar.

The tax rate in 2016 is expected to be about 1 percent higher than in 2015 (excluding 2015 discrete items), and ME&T capital expenditures in 2016 are expected to be lower than 2015.

    QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

    Q1:       What is causing you to forecast reduced Resource Industries' sales again in
              2016?

    A:        Resource Industries' sales are expected to be lower in 2016 because mining
              companies are continuing to cut capital expenditures in response to lower
              commodity prices and difficult financial conditions for many of them. As a
              result, machine quoting activity remains at a very low level. In addition,
              some machines remain parked, which continues to negatively impact
              aftermarket sales. We would expect to see parked machines brought back into
              service and machine rebuild activity pick up as early indicators of a
              potential upturn - unfortunately, we have not seen these signs of
              improvement yet.

    Q2:       Retail statistics released on January 27, 2016, show Construction
              Industries' deliveries to end users in North America down 3 percent. Many of
              the economic indicators in the United States remain positive. What is your
              view for 2016?

    A:        We expect general and heavy construction activity to expand in 2016 in the
              United States. However, we believe lower activity in the oil and gas sector
              is freeing up equipment that is being redirected to other building and
              infrastructure construction jobsites.

    Q3:       Can you comment on the health of Cat Financial?

    A:        Cat Financial continues to perform well despite ongoing weakness in many key
              end markets. Past dues improved further in fourth-quarter 2015, with
              year-end past dues improving to 2.14 percent from 2.68 percent in
              third-quarter 2015 and 2.17 percent reported at the end of 2014. Write-offs,
              net of recoveries, were $155 million in 2015, and although above 2014
              write-offs of $104 million, remain near historical averages. Cat Financial
              continues to work closely with its global customer base to provide financing
              support for new Caterpillar product purchases and actively monitor global
              portfolio health to minimize future losses.

    Q4:       Can you discuss changes in dealer inventories in the fourth quarter of 2015?
              What are your expectations for 2016?

    A:        Dealer machine and engine inventories decreased about $1 billion in the
              fourth quarter of 2015, compared with a decrease of about $600 million in
              the fourth quarter of 2014. For both the full year of 2015 and 2014, dealer
              machine and engine inventories decreased about $1 billion.

    Q5:       While we believe dealer inventory levels are not excessive, we do expect
              that lower sales in 2016 will cause dealers to reduce inventory levels about
              as much as they did in 2015.

              Caterpillar inventory declined in the fourth quarter of 2015. Can you
              explain this decrease, and do you expect further reductions in 2016?

    A:        Caterpillar inventory declined $1.45 billion during the fourth quarter of
              2015, compared to a decline of about $1.1 billion during the fourth quarter
              of 2014. A fourth-quarter decrease is not unusual, as some of our businesses
              ship long lead-time capital goods in the fourth quarter. For the full year
              of 2015, Caterpillar inventory declined about $2.5 billion.

    Q6:       While we believe our inventory levels are not excessive, we are anticipating
              that lower sales and our ongoing Lean initiatives will result in some
              reduction in inventory in 2016.

              Can you comment on your order backlog by segment?

    A:        At the end of the fourth quarter of 2015, the order backlog was about $13.0
              billion. This represents about a $0.7 billion reduction from the end of the
              third quarter of 2015. The decrease was primarily in Energy &
              Transportation. In addition, the order backlog for Resource Industries
              declined and was about flat for Construction Industries.

    Q7:       Compared to year-end 2014, the order backlog declined about $4.3 billion.
              The decrease was split about evenly across Construction Industries, Energy &
              Transportation and Resource Industries.

              Can you comment on expense related to your short-term incentive compensation
              plans?

    A:        Short-term incentive compensation expense is directly related to financial
              and operational performance measured against targets set annually.
              Fourth-quarter 2015 expense was about $45 million and about $585 million for
              the full-year 2015. Fourth-quarter 2014 expense was about $310 million and
              about $1.3 billion for the full-year 2014.

    Q8:       For 2016, our outlook includes short-term incentive compensation expense
              similar to 2015.

              Can you comment on your balance sheet and ME&T operating cash flow in 2015?

    A:        ME&T operating cash flow for the full year of 2015 was $5.2 billion,
              compared with $7.5 billion in 2014. The decline was primarily due to lower
              profit. Our top cash deployment priority is to maintain a strong financial
              position to support our credit rating. The ME&T debt-to-capital ratio was
              39.1 percent, up from 37.4 percent at the end of 2014, but within our target
              range of 30 to 45 percent. The increase was primarily due to a return of
              capital to stockholders of $3.8 billion ($2.0 billion stock repurchase and
              $1.8 billion dividends) and unfavorable foreign currency translation
              adjustment to equity of $1.0 billion. These items were partially offset by
              profit. Our cash and liquidity positions also remain strong with an
              enterprise cash balance of $6.5 billion as of year-end. After maintaining
              our financial strength, our remaining priorities for use of cash are to
              support growth, appropriately fund employee benefit plans, pay dividends and
              repurchase common stock. During the year, ME&T capital expenditures totaled
              $1.6 billion, and funding for defined benefit pension plans was about $0.2
              billion.

    Q9:       Can you update us on recent restructuring actions and your progress?

    A:        We announced on September 24, 2015, that we would reduce permanent headcount
              by 4,000-5,000 between then and the end of 2016, with most occurring in
              2015, and with a total possible workforce reduction of more than 10,000
              people, including the contemplated consolidation and closures of
              manufacturing facilities occurring through 2018. We have eliminated
              approximately 5,000 positions since then, with about 3,000 by December 31,
              2015, and another 2,100 employees electing to take the voluntary retirement
              enhancement program in the United States and leave the company January 1,
              2016. We are anticipating significant cost reduction as a result of these
              actions.

    Q10:      We continue to contemplate facility consolidation and closures in order to
              right size our capacity needs. Since the September 24 announcement, we have
              announced the closure or consolidation of 9 facilities.

              Can you provide more information on the accounting changes for pension and
              OPEB costs?

    A:        We have elected to make two changes in accounting for our pension and OPEB
              plans.

              The first is a change in accounting estimate related to discount rates used
              for calculating pension and OPEB costs. Beginning in 2016, we will use spot
              rates rather than weighted average discount rates for determining service
              and interest costs for plans that utilize a yield curve approach. This
              change will have no impact on pension or OPEB liabilities and will be
              accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate (no change to
              costs reported in 2015 or prior years). We expect this change to lower 2016
              pension and OPEB service and interest costs by approximately $180 million.

              The second is a change in accounting principle for recognizing actuarial
              gains and losses and expected return on assets for our pension and OPEB
              plans. Gains and losses historically recognized as a component of equity and
              amortized to earnings in future periods will be recognized in earnings in
              the period in which they occur. In addition, we will change our policy for
              recognizing expected returns on plan assets from a market-related value
              method (based on a three-year smoothing of asset returns) to a fair value
              method.

              Under the new principle, we will immediately recognize actuarial gains and
              losses as a mark-to-market gain or loss through earnings upon the annual
              remeasurement in the fourth quarter, or on an interim basis as triggering
              events warrant remeasurement.

              Excluding any mark-to-market gains or losses from remeasurements, the
              estimated benefit of the change in accounting principle in 2016 is
              approximately $425 million pre-tax or $0.50 per share. The benefit primarily
              represents prior period actuarial losses that would have been amortized to
              earnings under the previous accounting policy. This change will be applied
              retrospectively to prior years. We are currently determining the impact on
              prior years and will provide that information later in 2016. Our current
              estimate of the impact on 2015 earnings is a benefit of about $575 million
              or about $0.65 per share.

              As the change to spot rates for service and interest costs does not impact
              the measurement of benefit liabilities, the decrease in service and interest
              costs will be offset in the mark-to-market gains or losses reported when
              benefit plans are remeasured. Our 2016 outlook does not include any impact
              from mark-to-market gains or losses.

              None of the accounting changes will have an impact on future pension or OPEB
              funding or benefits paid to participants.
    GLOSSARY OF TERMS

    1.       All Other Segments - Primarily includes activities such as: the
             remanufacturing of Cat(R) engines and components and remanufacturing services
             for other companies as well as the business strategy, product management,
             development, manufacturing, marketing and product support of undercarriage,
             specialty products, hardened bar stock components and ground engaging tools
             primarily for Cat products, paving products, forestry products and industrial
             and waste products; the product management, development, marketing, sales and
             product support of on-highway vocational trucks for North America; parts
             distribution; distribution services responsible for dealer development and
             administration including a wholly owned dealer in Japan, dealer portfolio
             management and ensuring the most efficient and effective distribution of
             machines, engines and parts.
    2.       Consolidating Adjustments - Elimination of transactions between Machinery,
             Energy & Transportation and Financial Products.
    3.       Construction Industries - A segment primarily responsible for supporting
             customers using machinery in infrastructure and building construction
             applications. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design,
             product management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and
             product support. The product portfolio includes backhoe loaders, small wheel
             loaders, small track-type tractors, skid steer loaders, multi-terrain
             loaders, mini excavators, compact wheel loaders, telehandlers, select work
             tools, small, medium and large track excavators, wheel excavators, medium
             wheel loaders, compact track loaders, medium track-type tractors, track-type
             loaders, motor graders, pipelayers and mid-tier soil compactors. In addition,
             Construction Industries has responsibility for an integrated manufacturing
             cost center.
    4.       Currency - With respect to sales and revenues, currency represents the
             translation impact on sales resulting from changes in foreign currency
             exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar. With respect to operating profit,
             currency represents the net translation impact on sales and operating costs
             resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S.
             dollar. Currency includes the impact on sales and operating profit for the
             Machinery, Energy & Transportation lines of business only; currency impacts
             on Financial Products' revenues and operating profit are included in the
             Financial Products' portions of the respective analyses. With respect to
             other income/expense, currency represents the effects of forward and option
             contracts entered into by the company to reduce the risk of fluctuations in
             exchange rates (hedging) and the net effect of changes in foreign currency
             exchange rates on our foreign currency assets and liabilities for
             consolidated results (translation).
    5.       Debt-to-Capital Ratio - A key measure of Machinery, Energy & Transportation's
             financial strength used by both management and our credit rating agencies.
             The metric is defined as Machinery, Energy & Transportation's short-term
             borrowings, long-term debt due within one year and long-term debt due after
             one year (debt) divided by the sum of Machinery, Energy & Transportation's
             debt and stockholders' equity. Debt also includes Machinery, Energy &
             Transportation's borrowings from Financial Products.
    6.       EAME - A geographic region including Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the
             Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
    7.       Earning Assets - Assets consisting primarily of total finance receivables net
             of unearned income, plus equipment on operating leases, less accumulated
             depreciation at Cat Financial.
    8.       Energy & Transportation - A segment primarily responsible for supporting
             customers using reciprocating engines, turbines, diesel-electric locomotives
             and related parts across industries serving power generation, industrial, oil
             and gas and transportation applications, including marine and rail-related
             businesses. Responsibilities include business strategy, product design,
             product management, development, manufacturing, marketing, sales and product
             support of turbines and turbine-related services, reciprocating engine
             powered generator sets, integrated systems used in the electric power
             generation industry, reciprocating engines and integrated systems and
             solutions for the marine and oil and gas industries; reciprocating engines
             supplied to the industrial industry as well as Cat machinery; the business
             strategy, product design, product management, development, manufacturing,
             remanufacturing, leasing and service of diesel-electric locomotives and
             components and other rail-related products and services.
    9.       Financial Products Segment - Provides financing to customers and dealers for
             the purchase and lease of Cat and other equipment, as well as some financing
             for Caterpillar sales to dealers. Financing plans include operating and
             finance leases, installment sale contracts, working capital loans and
             wholesale financing plans. The segment also provides various forms of
             insurance to customers and dealers to help support the purchase and lease of
             our equipment. Financial Products Segment profit is determined on a pretax
             basis and includes other income/expense items.
    10.      Latin America - A geographic region including Central and South American
             countries and Mexico.
    11.      Lean Management - A holistic management system that uses a sequential cadence
             of principles to drive the highest quality and lowest total cost to achieve
             customer requirements.
    12.      Machinery, Energy & Transportation (ME&T) - Represents the aggregate total of
             Construction Industries, Resource Industries, Energy & Transportation and All
             Other Segments and related corporate items and eliminations.
    13.      Machinery, Energy & Transportation Other Operating (Income) Expenses -
             Comprised primarily of gains/losses on disposal of long-lived assets,
             gains/losses on divestitures and legal settlements and accruals.
             Restructuring costs classified as other operating expenses on the Results of
             Operations are presented separately on the Operating Profit Comparison.
    14.      Manufacturing Costs - Manufacturing costs exclude the impacts of currency and
             represent the volume-adjusted change for variable costs and the absolute
             dollar change for period manufacturing costs. Variable manufacturing costs
             are defined as having a direct relationship with the volume of production.
             This includes material costs, direct labor and other costs that vary directly
             with production volume such as freight, power to operate machines and
             supplies that are consumed in the manufacturing process. Period manufacturing
             costs support production but are defined as generally not having a direct
             relationship to short-term changes in volume. Examples include machinery and
             equipment repair, depreciation on manufacturing assets, facility support,
             procurement, factory scheduling, manufacturing planning and operations
             management.
    15.      Pension and other postemployment benefit (OPEB) costs - Costs for the
             company's defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans.
    16.      Price Realization - The impact of net price changes excluding currency and
             new product introductions. Price realization includes geographic mix of
             sales, which is the impact of changes in the relative weighting of sales
             prices between geographic regions.
    17.      Resource Industries - A segment primarily responsible for supporting
             customers using machinery in mining and quarrying applications.
             Responsibilities include business strategy, product design, product
             management and development, manufacturing, marketing and sales and product
             support. The product portfolio includes large track-type tractors, large
             mining trucks, hard rock vehicles, longwall miners, electric rope shovels,
             draglines, hydraulic shovels, track and rotary drills, highwall miners, large
             wheel loaders, off-highway trucks, articulated trucks, wheel tractor
             scrapers, wheel dozers, continuous miners, scoops and haulers, hardrock
             continuous mining systems, select work tools, machinery components and
             electronics and control systems. Resource Industries also manages areas that
             provide services to other parts of the company, including integrated
             manufacturing and research and development.
    18.      Restructuring Costs - Primarily costs for employee separation costs,
             long-lived asset impairments and contract terminations. These costs are
             included in Other Operating (Income) Expenses. Beginning in the third quarter
             of 2015, restructuring costs also include other exit-related costs associated
             with the consolidation of manufacturing facilities as we expect these costs
             to be significant as we implement the restructuring plan that was announced
             on September 24. Other exit-related costs are primarily for equipment
             relocation and accelerated depreciation.
    19.      Sales Volume - With respect to sales and revenues, sales volume represents
             the impact of changes in the quantities sold for Machinery, Energy &
             Transportation as well as the incremental revenue impact of new product
             introductions, including emissions-related product updates. With respect to
             operating profit, sales volume represents the impact of changes in the
             quantities sold for Machinery, Energy & Transportation combined with product
             mix as well as the net operating profit impact of new product introductions,
             including emissions-related product updates. Product mix represents the net
             operating profit impact of changes in the relative weighting of Machinery,
             Energy & Transportation sales with respect to total sales.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following definition is provided for "non-GAAP financial measures" in connection with Regulation G issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The non-GAAP financial measures we use have no standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore are unlikely to be comparable to the calculation of similar measures for other companies.  Management does not intend these items to be considered in isolation or substituted for the related GAAP measure.

Profit Per Share Excluding Restructuring Costs

We incurred significant restructuring costs in 2015 and expect to incur additional restructuring costs in 2016.  We believe it is important to separately quantify the profit per share impact of restructuring costs in order for our 2015 results and the 2016 outlook to be meaningful to our readers.  We have also provided 2014 profit per share excluding restructuring costs comparable to the 2015 and 2016 presentation.  Reconciliation of profit per share excluding restructuring costs to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, diluted profit per share, is as follows:

                          Fourth Quarter             Full Year                 Outlook
                                                                                      2016
                                                                        Original    Midpoint
                       2014         2015        2014         2015        2015 (1)     (2)
    Profit (Loss)
    per share          $1.23      ($0.15)       $5.88        $3.50        $4.60       $3.50
    Per share
    restructuring
    costs(3)           $0.12        $0.89       $0.50        $1.14        $0.15       $0.50
    Profit per
    share excluding
    restructuring
    costs              $1.35        $0.74       $6.38        $4.64        $4.75       $4.00

    1. 2015 Sales and Revenues Outlook of $50 billion (as of
    January 27, 2015).
    2. 2016 Sales and Revenues Outlook in a range of $40-44 billion. Does not
    include any impact from mark-to-market gains or losses resulting from
    pension and OPEB plan remeasurements.
    3. At effective tax rate excluding discrete items.

Machinery, Energy & Transportation

Caterpillar defines Machinery, Energy & Transportation as it is presented in the supplemental data as Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.  Machinery, Energy & Transportation information relates to the design, manufacture and marketing of our products.  Financial Products' information relates to the financing to customers and dealers for the purchase and lease of Caterpillar and other equipment.  The nature of these businesses is different, especially with regard to the financial position and cash flow items.  Caterpillar management utilizes this presentation internally to highlight these differences.  We also believe this presentation will assist readers in understanding our business.  Pages 24-32 reconcile Machinery, Energy & Transportation with Financial Products on the equity basis to Caterpillar Inc. consolidated financial information.

Caterpillar's latest financial results and outlook are also available via:
    
Telephone:

800-228-7717 (Inside the United States and Canada)

858-764-9492 (Outside the United States and Canada)

Internet:

www.caterpillar.com/en/investors.html

www.caterpillar.com/en/investors/quarterly-results.html (live broadcast/replays of quarterly conference call)

Caterpillar contact:  Rachel Potts, 309-675-6892 (Office), 309-573-3444 (Mobile) or Potts_Rachel_A@cat.com

                                              Caterpillar Inc.
                          Condensed Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations
                                                 (Unaudited)
                                 (Dollars in millions except per share data)

                                                                    Twelve Months
                                    Three Months Ended                  Ended
                                         December 31,                 December 31,
                                        2015          2014          2015           2014
    Sales and revenues:
      Sales of Machinery, Energy &
      Transportation                $ 10,318       $13,500       $44,147         $52,142
      Revenues of Financial
      Products                           712           744         2,864           3,042
      Total sales and revenues        11,030        14,244        47,011          55,184

    Operating costs:
      Cost of goods sold               8,183        10,499        33,742          39,767
      Selling, general and
      administrative expenses          1,267         1,522         5,199           5,697
      Research and development
      expenses                           553           578         2,165           2,135
      Interest expense of
      Financial Products                 147           154           587             624
      Other operating (income)
      expenses                           994           428         2,062           1,633
      Total operating costs           11,144        13,181        43,755          49,856

    Operating profit (loss)            (114)         1,063         3,256           5,328
      Interest expense excluding
      Financial Products                 126           126           507             484
      Other income (expense)              30             3           106             239

    Consolidated profit (loss)
    before taxes                        (210)           940         2,855           5,083
       Provision (benefit) for
       income taxes                     (128)           179           742           1,380
       Profit (loss) of
       consolidated companies            (82)           761         2,113           3,703
       Equity in profit (loss) of
       unconsolidated affiliated
       companies                         (1)             2             -               8

    Profit (loss) of consolidated and
    affiliated companies                  (83)           763         2,113          3,711
    Less: Profit (loss) attributable to
    noncontrolling interests                4              6            11             16

    Profit (loss) (1)                    $(87)           $757       $2,102         $3,695

    Profit (loss) per common share     $(0.15)          $1.25        $3.54          $5.99

    Profit (loss) per common share
    - diluted (2)                      $(0.15)          $1.23        $3.50          $5.88

    Weighted-average common shares
    outstanding (millions)
       - Basic                           582.3          605.8         594.3         617.2
       - Diluted (2),(3)                 582.3          616.0         601.3         628.9

    Cash dividends declared per
    common share                         $1.54          $1.40         $3.01         $2.70

    1              Profit (loss) attributable to common stockholders.
                   Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation
    2              awards using the treasury stock method.
                   In the fourth quarter 2015, the assumed exercise of
                   stock-based compensation awards was not considered
    3              because the impact would be anti-dilutive.

                                       Caterpillar Inc.
                    Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
                                         (Unaudited)
                                    (Millions of dollars)

                                          December 31,              December 31,
                                              2015                      2014
    Assets
       Current assets:
                       Cash and
                       short-term
                       investments           $6,460                     $7,341
                       Receivables -
                       trade and other        6,695                      7,737
                       Receivables -
                       finance                8,991                      9,027
                       Deferred and
                       refundable
                       income taxes           1,526                      1,739
                       Prepaid expenses
                       and other
                       current assets         1,046                        818
                       Inventories            9,700                     12,205
                       Total current
                       assets                34,418                     38,867
                       Property, plant and
                       equipment - net       16,090                     16,577
                       Long-term receivables
                       - trade and other      1,170                      1,364
                       Long-term receivables
                       - finance             13,651                     14,644
                       Investments in
                       unconsolidated
                       affiliated companies     246                        257
                       Noncurrent deferred
                       and refundable income
                       taxes                  1,654                      1,404
                       Intangible assets      2,821                      3,076
                       Goodwill               6,615                      6,694
                       Other assets           1,832                      1,798

    Total assets                           $78,4297                   $84,6881

    Liabilities
                Current liabilities:
                       Short-term
                       borrowings:
                       -- Machinery
                       Energy &
                       Transportation           $9                          $9
                       -- Financial
                       Products              6,958                       4,699
                       Accounts payable      5,023                       6,515
                       Accrued expenses      3,116                       3,548
                       Accrued wages,
                       salaries and
                       employee
                       benefits               1,994                      2,438
                       Customer
                       advances               1,146                      1,697
                       Dividends
                       payable                  448                        424
                       Other current
                       liabilities            1,730                      1,754
                       Long-term debt
                       due within one
                       year:
                       -- Machinery, Energy &
                       Transportation          517                         510
                       --
                       Financial
                       Products              5,362                       6,283
                Total current
                liabilities                 26,303                      27,877
                Long-term debt due
                after one year:
                -- Machinery,Energy &
                Transportation                9,004                      9,493
                -- Financial
                Products                     16,243                     18,291
                Liability for
                postemployment
                benefits                      8,843                      8,963
                Other liabilities             3,219                      3,231

    Total liabilities                        63,612                     67,855

    Stockholders' equity
                Common stock                  5,238                      5,016
                Treasury stock             (17,640)                   (15,726)
                Profit employed in the
                business                     34,208                     33,887
                Accumulated other
                comprehensive income
                (loss)                      (6,997)                    (6,431)
                Noncontrolling
                interests                        76                         80

    Total stockholders' equity               14,885                     16,826
    Total liabilities and
    stockholders' equity                    $78,497                    $84,681

                                       Caterpillar Inc.
                        Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow
                                         (Unaudited)
                                    (Millions of dollars)

                                                      Twelve Months Ended
                                                         December 31,
                                              2015                         2014
    Cash flow from operating
    activities:
           Profit of consolidated
           and affiliated companies      $  2,113                      $  3,711
           Adjustments for non-cash
           items:
                       Depreciation
                       and
                       amortization         3,046                         3,163
                       Other                  508                           553
           Changes in assets and
           liabilities, net of
           acquisitions and
           divestitures:
                       Receivables -
                       trade and
                       other                  764                          163
                       Inventories          2,274                          101
                       Accounts
                       payable            (1,165)                          222
                       Accrued
                       expenses             (199)                         (10)
                       Accrued
                       wages,
                       salaries and
                       employee
                       benefits             (389)                          901
                       Customer
                       advances             (501)                         (593)
                       Other assets
                       - net                (220)                         (300)
                       Other
                       liabilities -
                       net                    444                          146
    Net cash provided by (used
    for) operating activities               6,675                        8,057
    Cash flow from investing
    activities:
           Capital expenditures -
           excluding equipment
           leased to others                (1,388)                      (1,539)
           Expenditures for
           equipment leased to
           others                          (1,873)                      (1,840)
           Proceeds from disposals
           of leased assets and
           property, plant and
           equipment                          760                           904
           Additions to finance
           receivables                     (9,929)                     (11,278)
           Collections of finance
           receivables                      9,247                        9,841
           Proceeds from sale of
           finance receivables                136                          177
           Investments and
           acquisitions (net of
           cash acquired)                   (400)                          (30)
           Proceeds from sale of
           businesses and
           investments (net of cash
           sold)                              178                          199
           Proceeds from sale of
           securities                         351                          810
           Investments in
           securities                       (485)                         (825)
           Other - net                      (114)                          (46)
    Net cash provided by (used
    for) investing activities             (3,517)                       (3,627)
    Cash flow from financing
    activities:
           Dividends paid                 (1,757)                       (1,620)
           Distribution to
           noncontrolling interests           (7)                           (7)
           Contribution from
           noncontrolling interests            -                             4
           Common stock issued,
           including treasury
           shares reissued                     33                           239
           Treasury shares
           purchased                       (2,025)                       (4,238)
           Excess tax benefit from
           stock-based compensation            24                           182
           Proceeds from debt
           issued (original
           maturities greater than
           three months)                    5,132                        10,649
           Payments on debt
           (original maturities
           greater than three
           months)                        (8,292)                       (9,248)
           Short-term borrowings -
           net (original maturities
           three months or less)            3,022                         1,043
    Net cash provided by (used
    for) financing activities             (3,870)                       (2,996)
    Effect of exchange rate
    changes on cash                         (169)                         (174)
    Increase (decrease) in cash
    and short-term investments              (881)                         1,260
    Cash and short-term
    investments at beginning of
    period                                  7,341                         6,081
    Cash and short-term
    investments at end of period           $6,460                        $7,341

    All short-term investments, which consist primarily of highly liquid
    investments with original maturities of three months or less, are
    considered to be cash equivalents.
                                            Caterpillar Inc.
                              Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
                              For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2015
                                              (Unaudited)
                                         (Millions of dollars)
                                                       Supplemental Consolidating Data
                                            Machinery,
                                             Energy &
                                          Transportation        Financial    Consolidating
                       Consolidated            [1]              Products     Adjustments
    Sales and
    revenues:
         Sales of
         Machinery,
         Energy &
         Transporta
         tion             $10,318           $10,318             $   -          $    -
         Revenues
         of
         Financial
         Products            712                  -               789             (77)[2]
         Total
         sales and
         revenues         11,030             10,318               789             (77)

    Operating
    costs:
         Cost of
         goods sold        8,183              8,185                 -              (2)[3]
         Selling,
         general
         and
         administrative
         expenses          1,267              1,132               144              (9)[3]
         Research
         and
         development
         expenses            553                553                 -               -
         Interest
         expense of
         Financial
         Products            147                  -               148              (1)[4]
         Other
         operating
         (income) expenses   994                675               321              (2)[3]
         Total operating
         costs            11,144             10,545               613             (14)

    Operating
    profit (loss)           (114)              (227)              176             (63)

         Interest
         expense
         excluding
         Financial
         Products          126                 137                 -              (11)[4]
         Other
         income
         (expense)          30                (48)                 26              52[5]

    Consolidated
    profit (loss)
    before taxes         (210)               (412)                202                -

         Provision
         (benefit)
         for income
         taxes           (128)               (169)                 41                -
         Profit
         (loss) of
         consolidated
         companies        (82)               (243)                161                -

         Equity in
         profit
         (loss) of
         unconsolidated
         affiliated
         companies         (1)                 (1)                 -                 -
         Equity in
         profit of
         Financial
         Products'
         subsidiaries       -                 162                 -               (162)[6]

    Profit (loss)
    of
    consolidated
    and affiliated
    companies             (83)                (82)               161              (162)

    Less: Profit
    (loss)
    attributable
    to noncontrolling
     interests                4                   5               (1)                 -

    Profit (loss)
    [7]                 $  (87)             $  (87)           $ 162            $  (162)

    1          Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial
               Products accounted for on the equity basis.
    2          Elimination of Financial Products' revenues earned from Machinery,
               Energy & Transportation.
    3          Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation paid to Financial Products.
    4          Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial
               Products and Machinery, Energy & Transportation.
    5          Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation on receivables sold to Financial Products and of
               interest earned between Machinery, Energy & Transportation and
               Financial Products.
    6          Elimination of Financial Products' profit due to equity method of
               accounting.
    7          Profit (loss) attributable to common stockholders.

                                           Caterpillar Inc.
                             Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
                             For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2014
                                             (Unaudited)
                                        (Millions of dollars)

                                                   Supplemental Consolidating Data
                                       Machinery,
                                        Energy &
                                     Transportation       Financial          Consolidating
                      Consolidated        [1]             Products            Adjustments
    Sales and
    revenues:
         Sales of
         Machinery,
         Energy &
         Transportation  $ 13,500     $ 13,500             $   -             $      -
         Revenues
         of
         Financial
         Products             744            -               829                  (85)[2]
         Total
         sales and
         revenues          14,244       13,500               829                  (85)

    Operating
    costs:
         Cost of
         goods sold        10,499       10,501                 -                   (2)[3]
         Selling,
         general
         and
         administrative
         expenses           1,522        1,381               158                  (17)[3]
         Research
         and
         development expenses 578          578                 -                    -
         Interest
         expense of
         Financial
         Products             154            -               156                   (2)[4]
         Other
         operating
         (income)
         expenses             428          119               306                    3[3]
         Total
         operating
         costs             13,181       12,579               620                  (18)

    Operating
    profit                  1,063          921               209                  (67)

         Interest expense
         excluding
         Financial
         Products            126           136                 -                  (10)[4]
         Other income
         (expense)             3           (51)               (3)                 57[5]

    Consolidated
    profit before
    taxes                   940            734               206                    -

         Provision
         (benefit)
         for income
         taxes              179            117                62                    -
         Profit of
         consolidated
         companies          761            617               144                    -

         Equity in
         profit
         (loss) of
         unconsolidated
         affiliated
         companies            2              2                 -                    -
         Equity in
         profit of
         Financial
         Products'
         subsidiaries         -            142                 -                 (142)[6]

    Profit of
    consolidated
    and affiliated
    companies               763            761               144                 (142)

    Less: Profit
    (loss)
    attributable to
    noncontrolling
    interests                 6              4                 2                    -

    Profit[7]             $ 757         $  757             $ 142              $  (142)

               Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with
    1          Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
               Elimination of Financial Products' revenues earned from
    2          Machinery, Energy & Transportation.
               Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery, Energy &
    3          Transportation paid to Financial Products.
               Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial
    4          Products and Machinery, Energy & Transportation.
               Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation on receivables sold to Financial Products and
               of
               interest earned between Machinery, Energy & Transportation
    5          and Financial Products.
               Elimination of Financial Products' profit due to equity
    6          method of accounting.
    7          Profit attributable to common stockholders.

                                            Caterpillar Inc.
                              Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
                             For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015
                                              (Unaudited)
                                         (Millions of dollars)

                                                       Supplemental Consolidating Data
                                           Machinery,
                                            Energy &
                                         Transportation      Financial        Consolidating
                        Consolidated          [1]             Products         Adjustments
    Sales and
    revenues:
           Sales of
           Machinery,
           Energy &
           Transportation  $ 44,147        $     44,147        $    -          $      -
           Revenues of
           Financial
           Products           2,864                   -         3,179              (315)[2]
           Total sales
           and revenues      47,011              44,147         3,179              (315)

    Operating costs:
           Cost of
           goods sold        33,742              33,744             -                (2)[3]
           Selling,
           general and
           administrative
           expenses           5,199               4,637           588               (26)[3]
           Research
           and
           development
           expenses           2,165               2,165             -                 -
           Interest
           expense of
           Financial
           Products             587                   -           593                (6)[4]
           Other
           operating
           (income)
           expenses           2,062                 860         1,224               (22)[3]
           Total
           operating costs   43,755              41,406         2,405               (56)


    Operating profit          3,256               2,741           774              (259)

           Interest
           expense excluding
           Financial
           Products             507                 550             -               (43)[4]
           Other
           income (expense)     106                (158)           48               216[5]

    Consolidated
    profit before taxes       2,855               2,033           822                 -

           Provision
           (benefit)
           for income
           taxes                742                 512           230                 -
           Profit of
           consolidate
           d companies        2,113               1,521           592                 -

           Equity in
           profit
           (loss) of
           unconsolidated
           affiliated
           companies              -                   -             -                 -
           Equity in
           profit of
           Financial
           Products'
           subsidiaries           -                 591             -              (591)[6]

    Profit of
    consolidated and
    affiliated
    companies                 2,113               2,112           592              (591)

    Less: Profit
    (loss)
    attributable to
    noncontrolling
    interests                    11                  10             1                 -


    Profit[7]               $ 2,102             $ 2,102         $ 591           $  (591)


    1          Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial
               Products accounted for on the equity basis.
    2          Elimination of Financial Products' revenues earned from Machinery,
               Energy & Transportation.
    3          Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation paid to Financial Products.
    4          Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial
               Products and Machinery, Energy & Transportation.
    5          Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation on receivables sold to Financial Products and of
               interest earned between Machinery, Energy & Transportation and
               Financial Products.
    6          Elimination of Financial Products' profit due to equity method of
               accounting.
    7          Profit attributable to common stockholders.

                                           Caterpillar Inc.
                              Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
                             For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014
                                              (Unaudited)
                                         (Millions of dollars)
                                                      Supplemental Consolidating Data
                                            Machinery,
                                             Energy &
                                          Transportation     Financial      Consolidating
                        Consolidated           [1]           Products        Adjustments
    Sales and
    revenues:
           Sales of
           Machinery,
           Energy &
           Transportation  $ 52,142         $ 52,142           $   -           $      -
           Revenues of
           Financial
           Products           3,042                -           3,386               (344)[2]
           Total sales
           and
           revenues          55,184           52,142           3,386               (344)

    Operating costs:
           Cost of
           goods sold        39,767           39,769               -                 (2)[3]
           Selling,
           general and
           administrative
           expenses           5,697            5,098             635                (36)[3]
           Research
           and
           development
           expenses           2,135            2,135               -                  -
           Interest
           expense of
           Financial
           Products             624                -             631                 (7)[4]
           Other
           operating
           (income)
           expenses           1,633              419           1,235                (21)[3]
           Total
           operating
           costs             49,856           47,421           2,501                (66)


    Operating profit          5,328            4,721             885               (278)

           Interest
           expense
           excluding
           Financial
           Products             484              526               -                (42)[4]
           Other
           income (expense)     239              (21)             24                236[5]

    Consolidated
    profit before
    taxes                     5,083            4,174             909                  -

           Provision
           (benefit)
           for income
           taxes              1,380            1,120             260                  -
           Profit of
           consolidated
           companies          3,703            3,054             649                  -

           Equity in
           profit
           (loss) of
           unconsolidated
           affiliated
           companies              8                8               -                  -
           Equity in
           profit of
           Financial
           Products'
           subsidiaries           -              640               -               (640)[6]

    Profit of
    consolidated and
    affiliated
    companies                 3,711            3,702             649               (640)

    Less: Profit
    (loss)
    attributable to
    noncontrolling
    interests                    16                7               9                  -


    Profit[7]              $  3,695         $  3,695           $ 640            $  (640)

    1          Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial
               Products accounted for on the equity basis.
    2          Elimination of Financial Products' revenues earned from Machinery,
               Energy & Transportation.
    3          Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation paid to Financial Products.
    4          Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial
               Products and Machinery, Energy & Transportation.
    5          Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery, Energy &
               Transportation on receivables sold to Financial Products and of
               interest earned between Machinery, Energy & Transportation and
               Financial Products.
    6          Elimination of Financial Products' profit due to equity method of
               accounting.
    7          Profit attributable to common stockholders.
                                                 Caterpillar Inc.
                                          Supplemental Data for Cash Flow
                                   For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015
                                                    (Unaudited)
                                               (Millions of dollars)

                                                            Supplemental Consolidating Data
                                                 Machinery,
                                                  Energy &
                                               Transportation     Financial   Consolidating
                                Consolidated        [1]           Products     Adjustments
    Cash flow from
    operating activities:
        Profit of
        consolidated and
        affiliated companies    $ 2,113             $ 2,112        $   592      $ (591)[2]
        Adjustments for
        non-cash items:
                 Depreciation
                 and
                 amortization     3,046               2,164            882           -
                 Other              508                 398           (138)        248[4]
        Financial Products'
        dividend in excess
        of profit                     -                   9              -          (9)[3]
        Changes in assets
        and liabilities, net
        of acquisitions and
        divestitures:
                 Receivables
                 - trade and
                 other              764                 461            (85)        388[4,5]
                 Inventories      2,274               2,280              -          (6)[4]
                 Accounts
                 payable         (1,165)             (1,343)            95          83[4]
                 Accrued
                 expenses         (199)               (223)             11          13[4]
                 Accrued
                 wages,
                 salaries and
                 employee
                 benefits         (389)               (390)              1           -
                 Customer
                 advances         (501)               (501)              -           -
                 Other assets
                 - net            (220)               (370)            (34)        184[4]
                 Other
                 liabilities
                 - net              444                 578             63        (197)[4]
    Net cash provided by
    (used for) operating
    activities                    6,675               5,175          1,387         113
    Cash flow from
    investing activities:
        Capital expenditures
        - excluding
        equipment leased to
        others                  (1,388)              (1,373)           (16)         14
        Expenditures for
        equipment leased to
        others                  (1,873)               (257)         (1,643)        274
        Proceeds from
        disposals of leased
        assets and property,
        plant and equipment         760                 114            655          (9)[4]
        Additions to finance
        receivables              (9,929)                  -        (12,928)      2,999[5,8]
        Collections of
        finance receivables       9,247                   -         12,227      (2,980)[5]
        Net intercompany
        purchased
        receivables                   -                   -            745        (745)[5]
        Proceeds from sale
        of finance
        receivables                 136                   -            136           -
        Net intercompany
        borrowings                    -                   -              1          (1)[6]
        Investments and
        acquisitions (net of
        cash acquired)            (400)               (400)              -           -
        Proceeds from sale
        of businesses and
        investments (net of
        cash sold)                  178                 184              -          (6)[8]
        Proceeds from sale
        of securities               351                  25            326           -
        Investments in
        securities                (485)                (27)           (458)          -
        Other - net               (114)                (49)            (65)          -
    Net cash provided by
    (used for) investing
    activities                  (3,517)             (1,783)         (1,020)       (714)
    Cash flow from
    financing activities:

        Dividends paid          (1,757)             (1,757)           (600)        600[7]
        Distribution to
        noncontrolling
        interests                   (7)                 (7)              -           -
        Common stock issued,
        including treasury
        shares reissued              33                  33              -           -
        Treasury shares
        purchased                (2,025)             (2,025)             -           -
        Excess tax benefit
        from stock-based
        compensation                 24                  24              -           -
        Net intercompany
        borrowings                    -                 (1)              -          16
        Proceeds from debt
        issued (original
        maturities greater
        than three months)        5,132                   3          5,129           -
        Payments on debt
        (original maturities
        greater than three
        months)                  (8,292)               (517)        (7,775)          -
        Short-term
        borrowings - net
        (original maturities
        three months or
        less)                     3,022                   4          3,018           -
    Net cash provided by
    (used for) financing
    activities                   (3,870)             (4,243)          (228)        601
    Effect of exchange rate
    changes on cash                (169)               (126)           (43)          -
    Increase (decrease) in
    cash and short-term
    investments                    (881)               (977)            96           -
    Cash and short-term
    investments at
    beginning of period           7,341               6,317          1,024           -
    Cash and short-term
    investments at end of
    period                      $ 6,460             $ 5,340        $ 1,120    $      -

1   Elimination of Financial Products' profit after tax due to equity method of accounting.
2   Elimination of Financial Products' dividend to Machinery, Energy & Transportation in
3   excess of Financial Products' profit.
4   Elimination of non-cash adjustments and changes in assets and liabilities related
    to consolidated reporting.
5   Reclassification of Financial Products' cash flow activity from investing to
    operating for receivables that arose from the sale of inventory.
6   Elimination of net proceeds and payments to/from Machinery, Energy & Transportation
    and Financial Products.
7   Elimination of dividend from Financial Products to Machinery, Energy & Transportation.
8   Elimination of proceeds received from Financial Products related to
    Machinery, Energy & Transportation's sale of businesses and investments.

                                                     Caterpillar Inc.
                                             Supplemental Data for Cash Flow
                                      For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2014
                                                       (Unaudited)
                                                  (Millions of dollars)

                                                         Supplemental Consolidating Data
                                                 Machinery,
                                                 Energy &
                                               Transportation    Financial    Consolidating
                                 Consolidated       [1]          Products      Adjustments
    Cash flow from operating
    activities:
       Profit of consolidated
       and affiliated companies      $ 3,711     $ 3,702         $   649       $   (640)[2]
       Adjustments for non-cash
       items:
                     Depreciation
                     and
                     amortization      3,163       2,253             910              -
                     Undistributed
                     profit of
                     Financial
                     Products              -        (170)              -            170[3]
                     Other               553         395            (114)           272[4]
       Changes in assets and
       liabilities, net of
       acquisitions and
       divestitures:
                     Receivables -
                     trade and
                     other               163         786              43          (666)[4,5]
                     Inventories         101         128               -           (27)[4]
                     Accounts
                     payable             222         212             (43)          534
                     Accrued
                     expenses           (10)          54             (64)            -
                     Accrued
                     wages,
                     salaries and
                     employee
                     benefits            901         892               9             -
                     Customer
                     advances          (593)        (593)              -             -
                     Other assets
                     - net             (300)        (393)            (56)          149[4]
                     Other
                     liabilities -
                     net                 146         204              91          (149)[4]
    Net cash provided by (used
    for) operating activities          8,057       7,470           1,425          (838)
    Cash flow from investing
    activities:
       Capital expenditures -
       excluding equipment
       leased to others               (1,539)     (1,519)            (20)            -
       Expenditures for
       equipment leased to
       others                         (1,840)       (122)         (1,797)          794
       Proceeds from disposals
       of leased assets and
       property, plant and
       equipment                         904          81             837           (14)[4]
       Additions to finance
       receivables                   (11,278)          -         (14,380)        3,102[5,8]
       Collections of finance
       receivables                     9,841           -          12,607        (2,766)[5]
       Net intercompany
       purchased receivables               -           -              10           (10)[5]
       Proceeds from sale of
       finance receivables               177           -             180            (3)[5]
       Net intercompany
       borrowings                          -           -              13           (13)[6]
       Investments and
       acquisitions (net of cash
       acquired)                         (30)        (30)              -             -
       Proceeds from sale of
       businesses and
       investments (net of cash
       sold)                             199         219               -           (20)[8]
       Proceeds from sale of
       securities                        810         403             407             -
       Investments in securities       (825)        (425)           (400)            -
       Other - net                      (46)         (17)            (34)           59
    Net cash provided by (used
    for) investing activities        (3,627)      (1,410)         (2,577)          360
    Cash flow from financing
    activities:

       Dividends paid                (1,620)      (1,620)           (470)          470[7]
       Distribution to
       noncontrolling interests          (7)          (7)              -             -
       Contribution from
       noncontrolling interests            4           4               -             -
       Common stock issued,
       including treasury shares
       reissued                          239         239               5            (5)[9]

       Treasury shares purchased      (4,238)     (4,238)              -             -
       Excess tax benefit from
       stock-based compensation          182         182               -             -
       Net intercompany
       borrowings                          -         (13)              -           136
       Proceeds from debt issued
       (original maturities
       greater than three
       months)                        10,649       1,994           8,655             -
       Payments on debt
       (original maturities
       greater than three
       months)                        (9,248)       (785)         (8,463)            -
       Short-term borrowings -
       net (original maturities
       three months or less)           1,043           -           1,043             -
    Net cash provided by (used
    for) financing activities         (2,996)     (4,244)            770           478
    Effect of exchange rate
    changes on cash                    (174)         (96)            (78)            -
    Increase (decrease) in cash
    and short-term investments         1,260       1,720            (460)            -
    Cash and short-term
    investments at beginning of
    period                             6,081       4,597           1,484             -
    Cash and short-term
    investments at end of
    period                           $ 7,341     $ 6,317         $ 1,024       $     -

    1       Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products
            accounted for on the equity basis.
    2       Elimination of Financial Products' profit after tax due to equity method of
            accounting.
    3       Elimination of non-cash adjustments for the undistributed
            earnings from Financial Products.
    4       Elimination of non-cash adjustments and changes in assets and liabilities
            related to consolidated reporting.
    5       Reclassification of Financial Products' cash flow activity from investing to
            operating for receivables that arose from the sale of inventory.
    6       Elimination of net proceeds and payments to/from Machinery,
            Energy & Transportation and Financial Products.
    7       Elimination of dividend from Financial Products to Machinery, Energy &
            Transportation.
    8       Elimination of proceeds received from Financial Products related to
            Machinery, Energy & Transportation's sale of portions of the
            Bucyrus distribution business to Cat dealers.
    9       Elimination of change in investment and common stock related
            to Financial Products.

CONTACT:  Rachel Potts, 309-675-6892 (Office), 309-573-3444 (Mobile) or Potts_Rachel_A@cat.com

This is a disclosure announcement from PR Newswire.

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