More countries now require tobacco plain packaging and graphic health warnings on cigarette packages

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Canadian Cancer Society

18 Nov, 2025, 05:01 GMT

Canadian Cancer Society report highlights global progress on key tobacco control measures

TORONTO, Nov. 18, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- An international report released today by the Canadian Cancer Society (CCS) reveals ongoing progress for tobacco plain packaging and graphic picture warnings worldwide. The CCS report, titled Cigarette Package Health Warnings: International Status Report, details global developments on plain packaging, ranks 212 countries and territories on the size of their health warnings on cigarette packages, and lists the 140 countries and territories that now require graphic picture warnings.

The report also highlights Canada's and Australia's groundbreaking move to require health warnings printed directly on every individual cigarette—first implemented in Canada in 2024 and in Australia in 2025.

Plain packaging – global progress

Plain packaging means cigarette packages can't display brand colours, logos or design elements, and must use a standard shape and colour, making all brands look the same. Guidelines under the international tobacco treaty, the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), recommend that countries consider implementing plain packaging on cigarette packages.

Presently, 44 countries and territories are actively moving forward with plain packaging, with 27 having adopted the measure, 3 having it in practice, and 14 in the process of implementation.

"Plain packaging is a key measure to protect youth and to reduce tobacco use," says Rob Cunningham, Senior Policy Analyst, CCS. "Plain packaging – which acts as a mini-billboard – strips brands of their allure, an allure that prompts many youth to begin smoking. It is encouraging that an increasing number of countries have adopted this measure. The sooner more do so, the sooner more lives will be saved."

The 27 countries/ territories that have adopted plain packaging is up from only 9 in 2018 and from 25 in 2023.

Australia was the first country to implement plain packaging in 2012. Plain packaging has since been implemented in France (2016), United Kingdom (2016), Norway (2017), Ireland (2017), New Zealand (2018), Saudi Arabia (2019), Turkey (2019), Thailand (2019), Canada (2019), Uruguay (2019), Slovenia (2020), Belgium (2020), Israel (2020), Singapore (2020), Netherlands (2020), Denmark (2021), and Guernsey (2021), Hungary (2022), Jersey (2022), Finland (2023), Mauritius (2023), Oman (2024), Georgia (2025) and Myanmar (2025), with implementation to be required in Iceland (2027) and Syria (2027).

Graphic picture warnings – a key measure

The 140 countries and territories that now require picture health warnings on cigarette packages is an increase from 117 in 2018 and 138 in 2023. This represents 66% of the world's population. Canada became the first country in the world to require picture health warnings in 2001.

"It is essential that large graphic picture health warnings be used on cigarette packaging – they work," says Cunningham. "A picture says a thousand words and vividly conveys the devastating health effects of tobacco, and the larger the size, the better. A larger warning is more impactful and more memorable. The more countries that implement large picture health warnings, the bigger the global public health benefit will be."

In total, 130 countries and territories have required warnings to cover at least 50% of the package front and back (on average), up from 107 in 2018 and 24 in 2008. There are now 77 countries and territories with a size of at least 65% (on average) of the package front and back, and 11 with at least 85%. The top countries ranked by warning size as an average of the front and back of the package are:

  1. 92.5% East Timor (Timor-Leste) (85% of front, 100% of back)
  2. 92.5% Turkey (85%, 100%)
  3. 90% Gambia (90%, 90%)
  4. 90% Maldives (90%, 90%)
  5. 90% Nepal (90%, 90%)
  6. 90% Vanuatu (90%, 90%)
  7. 90% Mauritius (80%, 100%)
  8. 87.5% New Zealand (75%, 100%)
  9. 85% Hong Kong (S.A.R., China) (85%, 85%)
  10. 85% India (85%, 85%)
  11. 85% Thailand (85%, 85%)

The United States ranks 175 in the world, tied for last.

Cigarette package warnings are an extremely cost-effective way to increase awareness of the negative health effects of smoking and to reduce tobacco use. Health ministries determine the content of health warnings, and tobacco companies pay the printing cost.

Guidelines under the WHO FCTC recommend that warnings should:

  • be as large as is achievable;

  • include a rotated series of graphic pictures;

  • be at the top of both the front and back of packages.

Picture warnings are especially valuable for countries where there are higher rates of illiteracy and where governments may have few resources. As depicted in the report, examples of graphic picture warnings include a diseased lung or mouth, a patient with lung cancer in a hospital bed and a child being exposed to second-hand smoke.

"Warnings directly on individual cigarettes simply cannot be ignored," adds Cunningham. "This innovative measure reaches every person who smokes every day, in every community, with every cigarette and with every puff. The measure is even more important in some low-income countries where cigarettes are often sold individually without a package. The successful implementation of this approach by Canada and Australia will provide an example for other countries to do the same."

The release of today's report aligns with the 11th session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO FCTC, taking place November 17-22, 2025, in Geneva, Switzerland. The report supports the WHO FCTC's implementation, which mandates that all parties have health warnings covering at least 30% of the principal display areas and should cover at least 50% of the display areas, and may include picture warnings. Currently, the FCTC has 183 parties.

This marks the 9th Canadian Cancer Society international report on cigarette packaging and health warnings, following previous publications in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2021 and 2023.

Cigarette Packaging and Warnings report in English

Cigarette Packaging and Warnings report in French

About the Canadian Cancer Society

The Canadian Cancer Society works tirelessly to save and improve lives. We raise funds to fuel the brightest minds in cancer research. We provide a compassionate support system for all those affected by cancer, across Canada and for all types of cancer. Together with patients, supporters, donors and volunteers, we work to create a healthier future for everyone. Because to take on cancer, it takes all of us. It takes a society.