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First Patients Enrolled into European Phase III Programme for Potential First in Class Oral Treatment for Anaemia Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)


News provided by

Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd

17 Mar, 2014, 11:32 GMT

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CHERTSEY, England, March 17, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --

Roxadustat  could  change  treatment  of  anaemia  associated  with  CKD  and  remove  the  need  for  multiple  injections

Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd. today announced that the first European patients have been enrolled into the global ALPINE programme being conducted in collaboration with FibroGen, Inc to investigate the safety and efficacy of roxadustat (also known as ASP1517/FG-4592), a potential new oral treatment for anaemia in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD).  In Europe, Astellas will conduct three Phase III studies as part of this programme, ALPS, DOLOMITES and PYRENEES, encompassing both non-dialysis and dialysis patients. Approximately 1,800 patients will be enrolled in Europe and the studies will compare roxadustat to both current treatment and placebo. Roxadustat is not currently licensed for use in any country.

Treatments for anaemia aim to raise haemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood to help the body transport oxygen more effectively.[1] Current treatment options often involve a combination of injectable ESAs and iron supplements which can be delivered either orally or intravenously.[2] There are some safety concerns regarding current treatments (known as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, or ESAs), which have been shown to increase blood pressure[2] and to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events when used to target high Hb levels.[3] Dosing guidance for ESAs has been revised as a result of these concerns.[4]

In Phase II studies roxadustat was well tolerated, and was seen to correct and maintain Hb levels in people with anaemia associated with CKD.[5] Of key interest, no increase in blood pressure was detected and there was no need for additional intravenous infusions of iron (a common requirement associated with currently used ESAs).[5] The ALPINE study programme is being conducted alongside other global Phase III studies to investigate whether roxadustat can offer patients with anaemia associated with CKD effective oral treatment without the need for additional injections or increasing patients' cardiovascular risk profile.

"For  years  we  have  had  to  give  people  with  CKD  two  injections  to  treat  their  anaemia", said Dr Ashraf Mikhail, Senior Clinical Tutor at Swansea University and UK Coordinating Investigator for the ALPS study. "Firstly  we  give  intravenous  iron,  the  building  blocks  for  haemoglobin,  and  ESA,  which  processes  these  building  blocks  into  blood  elements.  This  requires  a  lot  of  time,  monitoring,  testing  and  patient  visits.  Roxadustat  could  allow  us  to  replace  all  this  with  one  tablet,  and  potentially  transfer  management  of  this  condition  from  secondary  to  primary  care."

Roxadustat is the first compound in a potential new therapeutic class known as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (or HIF-PHIs) to enter Phase III studies.[6] Roxadustat raises Hb levels via a mechanism which mimics the natural effects of high altitude.[6] It has long been known that Hb production increases at high altitude, and HIF promotes generation of the red blood cells which carry Hb.[6] By increasing HIF levels, roxadustat increases Hb levels through utilising the body's own iron stores, leading to Hb control without the need for supplementary iron.[5]

"Roxadustat  has  the  potential  to  change  the  treatment  of  anaemia  associated  with  CKD", said Dr Michael Allen, Therapeutic Area Head, Urology and Nephrology, Astellas Pharma Global Development. "We  are  very  pleased  to  mark  this  milestone  in  roxadustat's  development,  which  is  also  an  important  one  for  Astellas.  We  are  looking  forward  to  working  with  the  nephrology  community  as  we  establish  ourselves  in  the  area,  and  hope  to  make  contributions  similar  to  those  Astellas  has  made  in  areas  such  as  transplantation  and  urology."

Astellas has licensed certain rights to roxadustat from FibroGen in territories that include Japan, Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Middle East, and South Africa. Astellas will be responsible for regulatory filings to the EMA when appropriate.

CKD is a growing worldwide public health issue[7], and can lead to patients requiring dialysis. The European Kidney Health Alliance estimate that over 10% of people in Europe have CKD.[8] As CKD gets more severe it is more likely to cause anaemia, a debilitating condition which can cause fatigue and breathlessness to the extent that normal daily activities become challenging or impossible.[2]Studies suggest that around 12% of people with CKD also have anaemia.[1] CKD is responsible for a large financial burden on European healthcare systems, with dialysis alone accounting for up to around 2% of the European health care budgets, although only a small proportion (<0.1%) of the population need treatment.[9]

About  Anaemia

Anaemia is the condition of having fewer red blood cells and/or lower haemoglobin levels than is normal. The prevalence of anaemia increases with the progression of CKD and is a demonstrated risk multiplier in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Anaemia has been associated with adverse outcomes in CKD patients, increased hospitalisation rates, increased mortality, and reduced quality of life, but the condition tends to be undertreated due in part to the cost and complexity of treatment with injectable erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and intravenous iron supplements.

About  Astellas  Pharma  Europe  Ltd.

Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd., located in the UK, is the European headquarters of Tokyo-based Astellas Pharma Inc. Astellas is a pharmaceutical company dedicated to improving the health of people around the world through the provision of innovative pharmaceuticals. The organisation's focus is to deliver outstanding R&D and marketing to continue growing in the world pharmaceutical market. Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd. is responsible for 21 affiliate offices located across Europe, the Middle East and Africa, an R&D site and three manufacturing plants. The company employs approximately 4,300 staff across these regions. For more information about Astellas Pharma Europe, please visit http://www.astellas.eu.

References

1. Anaemia in Chronic Renal Disease. Information for Healthcare Professionals. Patient.co.uk. Available online at: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Anaemia-in-Chronic-Renal-Disease.htm. Last accessed November 2013

2. Lankhorst CE, Wish JB. Anemia in renal disease: Diagnosis and management. Blood  Reviews 24 (2010) 39-47. Available online at: http://www.bloodreviews.com/article/S0268-960X(09)00054-X/fulltext. Last accessed November 2013

3. Singh et  al. Correction of Anemia with Epoetin Alfa in Chronic Kidney Disease. New  England  Journal  of  Medicine 2006; 355:2085-98

4. McMurray JJV, Parfrey PS et  al. KDIGO (Kidney Disease - Improving Global Outcomes) Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney  International  Supplements VOL 2 | ISSUE 4 | AUGUST (2) 2012, 279; doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.37. Available online at http://www.nature.com/kisup/journal/v2/n4/index.html. Last accessed November 2013

5. Besarab A et  al. Evaluation of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4592 for haemoglobin correction and maintenance in nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients for 16 and 24 weeks. Abstract FP215. Nephrology  Dialysis  Transplantation Volume 27: Supplement 2; page ii144 May 2012. Available online at http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/suppl_2/ii133.full.pdf+html?sid=0a825489-ef30-4c74-b3bb-dee904a54d7e. Last accessed November 2013

6. Bouche. First-in-class anaemia drugtakes aim at Amgen's dominion. Nature  biotechnology 2013; 31:11

7. Zoccali C et  al. Epidemiology of CKD in Europe: an uncertain scenario. Nephrology  Dialysis  Transplantation (2010) 25: 1731-1733. Available online at: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/6/1731.full. Last accessed November 2013

8. The Alarming Rise in Chronic Kidney Disease in Europe. How to deal with this costly problem. European Kidney Health Alliance. Published online at http://www.era-edta.org/images/2013_EKHA_Call_to_Action_ANNEX_2%20.pdf. Last accessed November 2013  

9. Lameire N et  al. Chronic kidney disease: A European perspective. Kidney  International, Vol. 68, Supplement 99 (2005), pp. S30-S38. Available online at: http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v68/n99s/full/4495665a.html. Last accessed November 2013

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