Spectacle Lens Designed by PolyU Slows Myopic Progression by 60% and Stops in 21.5% of Children

     (Photo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/678860/PolyU_Myopia_Research.jpg )

The Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) Spectacle Lens designed by Professor Carly Lam, Professor of the School of Optometry at PolyU, and Professor To Chi-ho, Henry G. Leong Professor in Elderly Vision Health and Head of the School, is designed for slowing myopic progression in children. It has won the Grand Prize, Grand Award and Gold Medal with the Congratulations of Jury at the 46th International Exhibition of Inventions of Geneva, 2018.

DIMS Spectacle Lens comprises of a central optical zone for correcting refractive error (i.e. myopia and astigmatism) and multi-segments of constant myopic defocus surrounding the central zone extending to mid-periphery of the lens. It provides clear vision and myopic defocus for vision correction simultaneously for the wearer at all viewing distances. In doing so, the lens makes use of the natural homeostatic mechanism known as 'emmetropization', whereby the eyeball adapts and shapes to receive focused images as it does for normal vision.

"We have tried to incorporate myopic defocus optics into different treatment modalities, such as contact lens. For spectacle lens, the challenge is the eye will move behind the spectacle lens and therefore the myopic defocus optics has to be incorporated all over the lens," said Professor To.

"With the DIMS Spectacle Lens, we are able to put in many micro-lenses all over the surface of the ophthalmic lens. When the eye moves around different regions of the spectacle lens, the eye still experiences a constant amount of myopic defocus," he added.

A total of 160 Chinese children aged 8 to 13, with myopia from 1 to 5 diopters (D), and astigmatism and anisometropia of 1.5D or less completed a randomised double-blinded clinical trial from August 2014 to July 2017.

Seventy-nine and eighty-one children were randomly assigned to wear the DIMS Spectacle Lenses (treatment group) and the single vision spectacle lenses (control group) respectively. The mean myopic progression of the treatment group over two years was 0.38D whereas the control group was 0.93D. (Appendix Table 1)

Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye. Light focuses in front of the retina rather than on it, making distant objects appear blurry. In the trial, the mean increase in eyeball axial length of the treatment group was 0.21mm while the control group was 0.53mm. (Appendix Table 2)

In other words, children wearing the DIMS Spectacle Lenses had significantly less myopic progression by 59%, and axial elongation by 60%, as compared with those wearing the single vision lenses.

For the individual, in addition to slow myopic progression, the study shows that wearing DIMS Spectacle Lens stops the progression of myopia in some children. 21.5% of children in the treatment group had no myopic progression whereas only 7.4% of children in the control group had no myopic progression. (Appendix Table 3)

Besides, 13.9% of children in the treatment group had no change in axial length changes whereas the control group recorded zero. (Appendix Table 4)

The children in the treatment group also indicated that the DIMS Spectacle Lens could provide comfortable, good vision at short and long distances, and good perception of depth same as single vision spectacle lens.  

"High myopia can cause retinal complications. The serious case could be a retinal detachment that may result in permanent blindness or visual impairment. The DIMS Spectacle Lens helps safeguard the vision of children," said Professor Lam.

The DIMS Spectacle Lens is licensed to a lens company experienced in eyeglass lenses and will be available in the market in this summer.

Table 1

                 Changes in Cycloplegic auto-refraction in SER (D)

   
                                                     Mean diff plus or minus
                                                               SE

    Mean plus or
    minus SD         DIMS (n=79)     Control (n=81)         (p value)
                    -0.13 plus or                      -0.24 plus or minus
                      minus 0.30                              0.05

                                     -0.37 plus or
    6-month                            minus 0.34         (<0.0001****)
                    -0.17 plus or    -0.55 plus or     -0.38 plus or minus
                      minus 0.47       minus 0.38             0.07

    12-month                                              (<0.0001****)
                    -0.31 plus or    -0.72 plus or     -0.42 plus or minus
                      minus 0.50       minus 0.49             0.08

    18-month                                              (<0.0001****)
                                                       -0.55 plus or minus
                                                              0.09

                    -0.38 plus or    -0.93 plus or
    24-month          minus 0.53       minus 0.58         (<0.0001****)

Table 2

                   Changes in axial length (mm)

   
                                                     Mean diff plus or minus
                                                               SE

    Mean plus or                                      (p value of unpaired
    minus SD         DIMS (n=79)     Control (n=81)         t-test )
                     0.03 plus or     0.20 plus or
                      minus 0.13       minus 0.10    0.16 plus or minus 0.02

    6-month                                               (<0.0001****)
                     0.11 plus or
                      minus 0.15                     0.21 plus or minus 0.02

                                      0.32 plus or
    12-month                           minus 0.16         (<0.0001****)
                     0.15 plus or     0.43 plus or
                      minus 0.18       minus 0.19    0.27 plus or minus 0.03

    18-month                                              (<0.0001****)
                     0.21 plus or     0.53 plus or
                      minus 0.22       minus 0.24    0.31 plus or minus 0.04

    24-month                                              (<0.0001****)

Table 3

 Myopic progression in 24 months among individuals in two groups

   
                                 No. and % of subjects
    Changes in SER (D)            DIMS           Control
    <-1                        10 (12.7%)       34 (42%)
    -0.5 to -1                 16 (20.3%)       30 (37%)
    -0.01 to -0.49             36 (45.5%)      11 (13.6%)
                               62 (78.5%)      75 (92.6%)

    Subtotal of subjects
    with myopic progression
    0 to 0.5                   15 (19.0%)       6 (7.4%)
    >0.5                        2 (2.5%)         0 (0%)
                                                6 (7.4%)

    Subtotal of subjects
    without myopic
    progression                17 (21.5%)
                      Total    79 (100%)        81 (100%)

Table 4

Axial elongation in 24 months among individuals in two groups

   
                                No. and % of subjects
    Change in AL (mm)            DIMS           Control
    greater than or equal
    to 0.3                    23 (29.1%)       68 (84%)
    >0 and <0.3                45 (57%)        13 (16%)
    0 or less                 11 (13.9%)        0 (0%)
                     Total    79 (100%)        81 (100%)

Press Contact : Professor Carly Lam

Professor of the School of Optometry, PolyU

Telephone : +(852)-2766-6091

E-mail :carly.lam@polyu.edu.hk

Press Contact : Professor To Chi-ho

Henry G. Leong,

Professor in Elderly Vision Health and Head of the School of Optometry

PolyU

Telephone : +(852)-2766-6102

E-mail :chi-ho.to@polyu.edu.hk